1. Industrial Revolution
Unit 5 Notes

2. Standard 7-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of independence movements that occurred throughout the world from 1770 through 1900.
Enduring Understanding:
The global spread of democratic ideas and nationalist movements occurred during the nineteenth century. To understand the effects of nationalism, industrialism, and imperialism, the student will:
7-3.4 Explain how the Industrial Revolution caused economic, cultural, and political changes around the world.

3. Unit 5 Key Terms – The Industrial Revolution
industrialism
textiles
Samuel Slater
Meiji Era
urbanization
division of labor
laissez-faire capitalism
socialism
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
proletariat
bourgeoisie
labor unions
Agricultural Revolution
cotton gin
flying shuttle
spinning jenny
water frame
spinning mule
power loom
cottage industry
James Watt
steam engine
interchangeable parts
mass production
factory system

4. Industrial Revolution Overview Video:

5. Group Assignments Group 1: “Birth of Industry” pgs. 190-197
Group 2: “Growth of Industry” pgs
Group 3: “A New Society” pgs
Group 4: “Industrialization Changes Political Ideas” pgs
Group 5: “Revolution in the Arts” pgs
Group 6: “The New Science” pgs

6. Industrial Revolution Posters
On your poster, write the key vocab words/definitions, people, events, concepts, etc. from your section in the RWB.
You should also have at least three illustrations/pictures relevant to your section. Color the pictures.
Work as a group. Everyone should contribute simultaneously (at the same time)

7. 1st Period Groups: Group 1: Erin A., Maggie M., Emma, and Charis
Group 2: Grace, Chitra, Ansley D., and Benae
Group 3: Kaitlyn R., Allyson, and Biz
Group 4: Mackenzie, Joanna, Ainsley, and Sravya
Group 5: Natalie, Meghan, Katelyn, and Maddie G.
Group 6: Gabby, Gracie, Ansley F., and Ava

8. 3rd Period Groups: Group 1: Lindsey F, Taylor, Olivia, and Kathleen
Group 2: Caroline P, Charlie, Charlotte, Caroline B.
Group 3: Ciara, Kylie, Maggie, and Katie M
Group 4: Emily G, Briana, Clarissa and Ellie
Group 5: Daniella, Andrea, and Emily Q,
Group 6: Vira, Nandita, Maggie Lin, and Katrina

9. 5th Period Groups Group 1: Anna Brett, Erin, Libby, and Maurena
Group 2: Caroline B, Carmen, Maddie, Abigail
Group 3: Jhaden, Ellie, Kate, Alexandra
Group 4:Yasmin, Katie Duckett, Augusta,
Group 5: Amira, Lindsay, Addie, Rebekah
Group 6:, Blaire, Macaila, and Allie

10. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
it began in Great Britain following the Agricultural Revolution
it began in the textile industry
did not have one single founder or inventor
it grew from the innovations and inventions of many people

11. Why Great Britain? Stable govt. Right natural resources (coal, iron)
Demand for goods too strong for domestic system (cottage industry)
Agricultural Rev.
Crop rotation
Enclosure movement
Fallowing
Growing empire

12. Cause 1: Agriculture 3 things led to increased agricultural production
enclosure movement: fencing off of common lands for large-scale farming
crop rotation
advanced agricultural technology (Jethro Tull’s seed drill)
increased agricultural production led to increased population and forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or move to the cities (work force for factories)

13. Cause 2: Infrastructure & Resources
Great Britain had all the factors of production needed for industrialization
natural resources
Iron
coal
rivers and harbors
experienced entrepreneurs
growing population
political stability
increasing world trade - EMPIRE
economic prosperity and progress

14. Where did the Industrial Revolution spread?
to the United States
Samuel Slater and the “Rhode Island plan”
Francis Lowell, Waltham Massachusetts – the “Lowell method”
continental Europe
Germany in 1835 – would later use industry for military production
France did not industrialize right away but remained agricultural
Japan
industrialized itself during the Meiji Era in an effort to remain isolated

15. Industrial Revolution

16. Industrial Life and Society

17. Societal Changes I. Changes in society
A. Urbanization – movement from rural areas to cities
1. looking for jobs
B. Industrial Capitalism:
1. Factory owner lived like nobles – servants, cooks, etc.
C. Industrial Capitalism builds industrial middle class
1. (managers, salesmen, engineers)– nice houses, possibly some servants
2. Ind. Cap.: private citizens, not government, controls industry and production.

18. Industrialism and Society Contd.
D. Working class – factory workers
1. adults and children worked
2. up to 16 hour days, 6 days/week
3. working conditions varied, acceptable – awful
4. Reformers (many religious) worked to improve working conditions
5. Trade unions: group of workers with same skill/job who unite to negotiate better working conditions, wages, benefits, etc.
a. unions sometimes go on strike, or refuse to work, in order to force management to negotiate
5. Women began to work outside the home and demand equal rights
E. New ways of organizing business
1. partnerships: two or more entrepreneurs invest in a business to earn profit
2. corporations: organization owned by stockholders who by shares in a company. Stocks increase or decrease in value based on company’s profits.

19. Industrial Revolution and Politics Purple Textbook, pgs. 735 - 736
Adam Smith Karl Marx

20. Industrial Revolution and Politics Purple Textbook, pgs. 735 - 736
Adam Smith Karl Marx
Scottish Economist Along w/Frederich Engels became one of
Govt. should not interfere in the economy fathers of Socialism & communism
Competition = prosperity & better society socialism = means of production owned by
“Laissez faire” = let it be govt.
Author of Wealth of Nations about how competition thought competition harmed society
and division of labor benefits society working class (proletariat) peasants
First book spoke about ethics and charity. should rise up and form a classless
Was in favor of “rational self-interest” communist society
goal was to end social classes
Wrote Communist Manifesto

21. Changes in Industrial Society Pgs. 732 - 743
Positive Negative

23. The Jungle
Full of hope for a better life, Jurgis married and bought a house on credit. He was elated when he got a job as a "shoveler of guts" at "Durham," a fictional firm based on Armour & Co., the leading Chicago meat packer.
Jurgis soon learned how the company sped up the assembly line to squeeze more work out of the men for the same pay. He discovered the company cheated workers by not paying them anything for working part of an hour.
Jurgis saw men in the pickling room with skin diseases. Men who used knives on the sped-up assembly lines frequently lost fingers. Men who hauled 100-pound hunks of meat crippled their backs. Workers with tuberculosis coughed constantly and spit blood on the floor. Right next to where the meat was processed, workers used primitive toilets with no soap and water to clean their hands. In some areas, no toilets existed, and workers had to urinate in a corner. Lunchrooms were rare, and workers ate where they worked.
Almost as an afterthought, Sinclair included a chapter on how diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat products were processed, doctored by chemicals, and mislabeled for sale to the public. He wrote that workers would process dead, injured, and diseased animals after regular hours when no meat inspectors were around. He explained how pork fat and beef scraps were canned and labeled as "potted chicken."
Sinclair wrote that meat for canning and sausage was piled on the floor before workers carried it off in carts holding sawdust, human spit and urine, rat dung, rat poison, and even dead rats. His most famous description of a meat-packing horror concerned men who fell into steaming lard vats:

24. Inventions and Technology in the Machine Age
Inventor Invention Impact
Flying Shuttle
Spinning Jenny
Water Frame
Spinning Mule
Power Loom
Cotton Gin
Steam Engine

25. Effects on Society Urbanization: growth of cities
Rise of Industrial Capitalism – “laissez faire”
New businesses: partnerships & corporations
Rise of working class – more industrial workers
Trade Unions
Socialism – put an end to social classes, distrubute equally to everyone

26. Urbanization urbanization is the movement of people to the cities
people moved to the cities to work in factories because they could earn more there than on a farm
life in the city
unregulated
poor housing
inadequate police protection
unsanitary
working conditions in the factories
long hours (14 hours a day, six days a week)
dangerous and unhealthy, often resulting in injury

27. Capitalism vs. Socialism
laissez-faire capitalism
all factors of production are privately owned
government does not interfere in business
based on laws of competition, supply and demand, self-interest
socialism
belief that the government should provide for the needs of the masses
government should plan the economy in order to promote equality and end poverty
promised to distribute wealth according to need

28. Flying Shuttle invented by John Kay in 1753
doubled the amount of weaving a worker could do in one day

29. Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves in 1764
allowed one spinner to spin eight threads at a time

30. Water Frame invented by Richard Arkwright in 1768
changed machines from hand-powered to water-powered

31. Spinning Mule invented in 1779 by Samuel Crompton
combination of the spinning jenny and the water frame
spinning thread was now water powered
produced a stronger product

32. Power Loom invented in 1787 by Edmund Cartwright powered by water
wove thread into cloth as fast as spinning machines could produce it

33. Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
machine removed seeds from cotton and dramatically increased cotton production
also led to massive increases in the slave population in the south

34. Steam Engine invented/improved by James Watt in 1769
replaced water power with steam power, allowing factories to be built anywhere (not just near rivers)
engines were powered by coal

35. Rise of Mass Production
machines increased the output of goods in two ways
interchangeable parts – machine made parts that were exactly alike
division of labor – each worker was assigned a specific task as a product moves down a conveyor belt from worker to worker – the assembly line

36. Paper Airplane Assembly Line
Each team member gets to make one-two folds on the assembly line.
Decide what each group member’s job will be (DIVISION OF LABOR)
Make one example for practice
You may have to pass it by twice if your group is too small.
You have 2 minutes to make as many airplanes as you can.
Winner for the most airplanes built
and
Winner for the plane that flies the longest distance.
If the same group wins both categories they get prize and bonus points.

37. Think about this…
What do you think were some of the “side effects” of using a coal powered steam engine?
increased pollution
more factories
more jobs in mining
more transportation (steamships, locomotives led to improved roads, more railroads, more canals)

38. So what’s the big deal?
railroad boom created new jobs for railroad workers
need for coal created new jobs for miners
trade and transportation were cheaper → increased travel, increased trade over longer distances

39. Electricity and Industry
telegraph – Samuel Morse
telephone – Alexander Graham Bell
radio – Guglielmo Marconi
light bulb – Thomas Edison

40. Impact of Industrialism
growth of cities – urbanization
rise of capitalism – free enterprise, the idea that people make money for themselves
new business models – partnerships, corporations
rise of the working class – people made more money in the factories than they did down on the farm
rise of trade unions – workers organizing together to improve wages, working conditions
development of socialism – the idea that the government, not individuals, should own and control the means of production

41. I. The Rise of Industry
Industrialism: system based on use of machines instead of animal or human power
Started in Great Britain in the 1700s.
Seeds for Industry
Agricultural Revolution
Sweeping changed in farming
Started in 1700s
Caused by Enclosure Movement
Parliament allows large landowners to fence off common lands previously rented as small farms to peasant farmers
Combining of these farms made faring more efficient
Farms planted with a single crop or turned into sheep pastures for wool (textiles)
Crop Rotation
Rotating b/n 3 fields - allowed soil to stay fertile by not using same nutrients year after year
Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull
Allowed farming in rows instead of scattering seed by hand

42. Capital and Labor
increased $ to invest in manufacturing and increased workforce for factories
Land owners had more profits from their farms to invest as capital, or money invested in business.
Many invested in manufacturing/industry.
The enclosure movement forced peasant farmers off their land
They moved to cities to find work – labor for cities’ factories
Increase in farming efficiency = increased food supply = increased population and increased average life span
Natural Resources and Markets
Great Britain had rivers that flowed year-round
These rivers powered the early factories (before electricity)
Factories built next to rivers/water source
Also provided a transportation network
Great Britain had huge supplies of coal and iron.
Coal will replace water and wood as fuel for machines
Iron used to make machines and steel
Growing population = increased domestic markets
Growing British empire = markets around the world

44. Rise of the Factory System
Industrialism begins in the textile (cloth) industry
In the past, workers produces cloth in the domestic system (cottage industry)
Literally someone inside their home spinning wool into cloth
Very slow – unable to meet demands of markets
Textile merchants build factories powered by water next to rivers and streams
This is the “factory system”
Invention of steam engine and coal powered factories = factories system could be built anywhere.
Whole towns grew up around factory system
People moved from rural areas to cities – urbanization.
Spread of Industrialism
Great Britain tried to keep skilled workers and engineers at home to prevent spread
Workers see too much $ in other countries for their expertise and industrialism begins to spread.
Samuel Slater sneaks textile spinning “know-how” to Rhode Island in 1789
Germany begins buying British machines in the 1800s
1853 Commodore Matthew Perry exposes Japan to steam powered warships
Great Britain gave up efforts to create a monopoly (total control) of industry
GB becomes “workshop of the world” – produced ½ of world’s coal and manufactured goods
Industrialism spreads to GERMANY, U.S., and JAPAN (important)
Japan creates partnership b/n industry and government called “ziabastu”
“Rich country, strong army”

46. Impact of Industrialism
Growth of Cities
Rise of Industrial Capitalism
Private ownership or industries (factory system)
Created new “industrial middle class” – industry merchants, engineers, sales force, etc.
New methods of Organizing Business
Partnerships: two or more entrepreneurs who invest money to earn a profit
Raise more capital than one person
Corporations – owned by stockholders who by shares in a company and then share in any profits.
Rise of industrial working class
Factories needed industrial workers
Hourly wages, 16 hour days/6 days a week, unsafe working conditions
Workers still made more than on farms

48. Rise of Trade Unions
Union: association of workers with the same skill who negotiate higher wages and better working conditions
Unions use strikes (refusal to work) to get their demands
Great Britain and other countries began to pass worker protection laws as a result of the unions efforts
Socialism
Industrialism and the difference in quality of life b/n factory owners, industrial middle class, and the working class opened the door for the rise of socialism.
In socialism GOVERNMENT owns the means of production (factories, land, raw materials, capital, etc.)
Socialist do not believe in competition in business