1. PARASITOIDS AND PHEROMONES

2. Parasitoid
An organism that lives in or on the body of its host, at least during a part of its lifecycle
Kill & consume less than or equal to one victim in order to complete development
Parasitized aphids
Healthy aphids

3. Types of Parasitoids
Endoparasitoid
Ectoparasitoid

4. Endoparasitoid Develops inside the host
Associated with hosts in both concealed and exposed sites

5. Ectoparasitoid Develops outside of host
Typically associated with hosts in “protected” sites (I.e., tunnels, leafmines, rolled leaves)

6. Pathogens
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi

7. Pathogens Process: Examples: Adhesion of spore to host cuticle
Spore germination
Penetration of the cuticle
Growth in hemocoel
Insect death
Examples:
Beauveria bassiana
Metarhizium anisopliae
This is a cabbage white butterfly with the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis

8. What is a Pheromone?
”defined chemical signal between members of the same species, eliciting a particular behavior or physiological change...”

9. Broader Definition: Pheromones
”any chemical signal conveying information between members of the same species”
Recognition of Individuals or Kin: Differences between signals essential

10. Pheromones Health and Fitness Mate Choice/ Sexual Selection
Mate Selection to Avoid Incest/Genetic Relatedness
Sexual Maturation
Successful Fertilization (Aquatic Animals)
Kin Recognition
Caste and Reproductive Status (Social Animals)
Menstrual Synchrony
Maternal-Infant Bonding
Infant Suckling—Nipple Recognition
Dominance Hierarchy
Aggression
Territory and Trail Marking
Deception (Plant->Animal)
Deception (Animal->Animal)
Aggregation
Intruder Alarm

11. Semiochemicals: Infochemicals
Pheromones (Communcation within species) Both Sender + Receiver benefit
Allelochemicals: Between species
Synomones: Both Sender + Receiver Benefit
Kairomones: Receiver Benefits (Sender does not)
Allomones: Sender Benefits (Receiver does not)

12. Primer Pheromones
Wyatt Book

13. Evolution of Pheromones
Wyatt Book

14. Pheromones – Odour Imprinting
Wyatt Book