1. The French and Indian War, a. k
The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War” “Crash Course” (1754 – 1763)
The Birth of American Resistance to British rule
“The War That Made America”
Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with allies
Green: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies

2. France’s Empire
-French areas of colonization
-St. Lawrence River Valley,
-Quebec,
- Great Lakes,
-Louisiana
-Interest in trading not colonizing
-better relationship with Indians
-English colonists want to expand into Ohio River Valley

3. France’s Empire -Indians resist and ally with French
-Old rivalry with Britain
-multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries
-1754 conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border

4. 22 year-old officer in the Virginia militia
George Washington
Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson Peale
The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War.
22 year-old officer in the Virginia militia
Sent to defend Fort Necessity (near present-day Pittsburg, PA)
Lost Battle of Fort Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace
Got to witness 1st hand, the incompetence / weaknesses of British Army; would help him strategize to defeat the British in Rev. War.

5. French and Indian War -Albany Plan of Union
8 colonies debate forming central government
“Join or Die” – Benjamin Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac – the 1st political cartoon
Proposed a central govt. with power to tax and raise army for “common defense” against French and Indians
Plan rejected over issue of taxation
Set precedent for future Continental Congress formed to unify colonies against Britain

6. -Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French
French and Indian War
Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson Peale
The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War.
-Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French
Washington lost Battle of Fort Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace
-The French and Indian allies won many early battles
Battle of Fort Duquesne
- Victory at Quebec finally gave the British control of the region
turning point of the conflict

8. Battle of Fort Duquesne, 1755
back

9. French and Indian War Treaty of Paris of 1763
France lost all lands in America
Britain gains Canada; French settlement of Montreal and Quebec remain French today
Spain ceded Florida to Britain; received French land west of Miss. River (Louisiana) in return for Fla.

11. Problems after the War
War left British govt. in huge debt
Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts and American settlers
conflicts were becoming costly for Britain
Proclamation of 1763
stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns.
Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians
Ended Period of Salutary Neglect

12. Opposing Views of British and Americans
British views
Low opinion of colonial military effort
Poorly trained
“Disorderly rabble”
Colonies didn’t do their fair share
Some colonies refused to contribute troops or money for war effort
Proclamation of 1763 was necessary
Protection of colonial empire
Inability to pay for troops to protect settlers
Forced colonists to pay for protection in frontier
American views
Proud of military contributions
Gained confidence they could defend themselves
Unimpressed with British troops or leadership
“Old” methods of warfare were outdated and not suited for densely wooded terrain
Americans learned British weaknesses and vulnerabilities
Proclamation of 1763 began string of violations of colonial liberties and tradition of representative government
Americans had fought and died for right to settle in west
American defiance set tone for revolutionary resistence

13. DBQ Warm-up Albany Plan for Union
What do each of the 8 segments of the snake represent? Name them.
What do the image of the sliced snake and the words “Join, or Die” mean?
What is the intent of the artist in drawing this picture?
What is historically significant about this political cartoon?
back