1. CE 3372 Water Systems Design
Lecture 003: Drawings, maps, reports

2. Outline Drawings Water Distribution Storm Drain Wastewater Collection
Maps
Making Topographic Maps
QuickGrid
AutoCAD
Reports

3. Water System Plans are communicated in drawings as well as reports
Engineering DRAWINGS
Water System Plans are communicated in drawings as well as reports
The general notes and detail notes are important parts of the drawings
Look at 3 Examples:
Water Distribution
Sanitary Collection
Storm Drain

4. Water Distribution
Examine the water line plan and profile WaterLinePlanProfile.PDF [Make a hyperlink]

5. Sanitary Sewer Collection
Examine the sanitary sewer plan and profile SanitarySewerPlanProfile.PDF

6. Stormwater Collection
Examine the storm water plan and profile StormSewerPlanProfile.PDF

7. MAPS Navigational Maps Examples from USAF SERE Manual Plat Maps
Boundary survey – identifies areas on surface of Earth for “ownership” purposes
Topographic Maps
Elevation maps
Used because water flows downhill

8. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS 2D Representations of 3D Surfaces
Watershed delineation
Trenching specification
Grading design
Oil exploration
Similar concepts in subsurface: oil/gas/aquifer pressure/head maps
Similar concepts in atmospheric: rainfall contour plots

9. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
Water Systems
Orthographic View

10. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
Water Systems
Elevation (Profile) View

11. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
Elevations are vital in the hydraulics:
Used to size pipes
Account for head losses
Locate pumps
“Hit” outfall elevation

12. HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
Assume have x,y,z values at several locations in the region of interest

13. HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
“Pass” a surface through these points
(like 3D least squares)

14. HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
General practice is to “grid” the data

15. HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
The surface of the gridded data approximates the topography
Level sets from this surface are contour lines
Plot of all selected level sets is the contour map for the region of interest

16. HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
Once we have the “grid” offsets are straightforward to obtain using grid arithmetic

17. Example (of fitting a surface)

18. Example (of fitting a surface)

19. Example (of fitting a surface)

20. Example (of fitting a surface)

21. Building topographic maps
In practice we usually don’t fit “equations” through the observations – topographic information is usually too complex for such application
Instead variants of linear interpolation are employed (e.g. kriging; inverse-distance)

22. Building topographic maps
Tools:
AutoCAD has topographic (gridding) capability
ArcGIS has topographic capability
Nice summary at:
An example using “quickgrid” (freeware) follows

23. Build a topographic map
Suppose one has elevation information for the subdivision shown below.

24. Build a topographic map
The point (0,0) is the lower left hand corner.
X and Y distances are in inches on a scaled map, Z values are feet above some datum.

25. Build a topographic map
Use a program to generate a grid and the level sets (contour map).

26. Build a topographic map
Use a program to generate a grid and the level sets (contour map).

27. Report Writing

28. Fundamentals
Know your audience – Professional! Explain the problem Discuss solving method Describe findings/results Example: Car Service Repair
Lets say your car has been having problems and you bring it to the shop.
What are you more likely to respond to?
If the service man, Bob, says I know whats wrong, give me 10,000$
If Bob says, explains the problem “transmission is broken”, sucks, give me 10k
If Bob explains the problem concisely without commentary, how he thinks he’ll fix it and the labor costs/parts that’ll add up to 10k
A huge part of report wr

29. Project report (1 of 2)
Transmittal Letter Cover Page Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures Executive Summary
Google it

30. Section 1 – Introduction Section 2 – Existing Conditions
Project report (2 of 2)
Section 1 – Introduction
Section 2 – Existing Conditions
Section 3 – Hydraulics
Section 4 – Cost Estimate
Section 5 – Conclusions and Recommendations
Google it

31. Transmittal letter
Formal business letter to person that commissioned the report
Brief. Includes:
Salutation (Dear Mr. _____)
Purpose of letter
Describe what is being sent
Main findings of report
End transmittal letters with a one-sentence paragraph that establishes goodwill by thanking or complimenting the recipient.
Signature from all members with credentials
Can find examples online

32. Cover
Include Team name and members Title of the Project Date

35. Example of an Exhibit.

36. Executive Summary Informs reader precisely of:
research problem
analysis method
results
Transmittal Letter and Executive Summary
Reader shouldn‘t have to read whole report to get main points
Summary!!
Limit to one (1) page
This is the TL;DR. This determines if I should keep reading or if this report sucks.

37. Section 1 – Introduction
Project Name and Purpose Project Limits Project Objectives Assumptions and Constraints PriorStudies (if appropriate)
1.1  Project Name and Purpose
1.2  Project Limits
1.3  Project Objectives
1.4  Assumptions and Constraints
1.5  PriorStudies

38. Section 1 – Introduction
Explains the study problem and its context briefly
Importance of problem
Reasons and goals for study
Limitations
You want your audience to understand
WHY the report is important
WHY it’s being written
WHY reader should read it
Present Tense
1.1  Project Name and Purpose
1.2  Project Limits
1.3  Project Objectives
1.4  Assumptions and Constraints
1.5  PriorStudies

39. Section 2 – Existing Conditions
Location and Topography Land Use Right-of-Way (if appropriate) Pipelines and Utilities (if appropriate) Other

40. Section 3 – Hydraulics
Analysis Objective Hydraulic Methodology Pre-Project Conditions
We’ve edited this to be more concise.
This is just the method

41. Section 3 – Hydraulics Methodology – Explains how:
Data was gathered/generated
Data was analyzed
Assumes reader understands material
Is in past tense and passive voice
The research has been carried out
Usually does not include explanatory details.
But for the project, write as if we are your client and also your professors.
Be professional and explanatory.
We should be able to read Section 3 and redo all of your work and produce your results.

42. Section 3 – Hydraulics Active vs. Passive
Active: I observed the angle to be...
Passive: The angle was observed to be...
Active: The authors suggest...
Passive: It is suggested..
Active: We used EPANET to..
Passive: The hydraulic model EPANET was used to ..
Usually does not include explanatory details.
But for the project, write as if we are your client and also your professors.
Be professional and explanatory.
We should be able to read Section 3 and redo all of your work and produce your results.

43. Section 3 – Hydraulics Hedging words It would appear that
These results suggest
It would seem
A cause of this may be
A possible explanation for this is
Usually does not include explanatory details.
But for the project, write as if we are your client and also your professors.
Be professional and explanatory.
We should be able to read Section 3 and redo all of your work and produce your results.

44. Section 4 – cost estimate
Description of proposed plan Itemized estimate/cost analysis
Results and Discussion

45. Section 5 – conclusions
Results – Visually and textually represents findings
Visually:
Graphs, tables, diagrams, charts, screen captures
Please describe Figures and Tables correctly
Explanatory text:
Points out most significant portions of research findings
Highlights expected and/or unexpected findings
This is the part where you’re trying to state all of the problems in a nice way

46. Section 5 – conclusions
Discussion – Assesses and comments on research results
Explanation for Results
Recommendations
Summary – Similar to the Exec Summary
Focuses more of results, cost, etc.
Please DO NOT list all the ways you went wrong.
A client does NOT want to hear that.
You all should be able to get an answer, there should NOT be an explanation for wrong results

47. Other expectations
Label Figures and Tables correctly Headings and sub-headings Proper grammar Flow No contractions (won’t, cant) No rhetorical questions
Flow – different writers. Should read the same

49. Cost Estimating

50. Private project cost estimates
Feasibility – Determines no/go decision
Prepared prior to development
Based on general scope of project (items/work hours/etc)
Includes significant contingency (30%)
Preliminary
Prepared after plan has evolved but before any construction drawings
Used by developer to secure funding/ assist in developing alternatives before final decision on product details
Accuracy +/ %
Contingency (15-20%)
Construction/Detailed
Prepared after plans have been approved
Accuracy +/- 5%
Car sales man. 10k ok I have 10k.
If you explain why it’s 10k, I’m more willing to give you money.
Feasibility – ball park

51. Feasibility Estimate Ball park
For ex: all different depts make a feasibility cost and all of that gets put together and sent to developer.

52. Preliminary estimate
Developed from plans that have not yet reached sufficient detail
Purpose is to:
Acquire approvals from permitting jurisdiction
Determine problems that will affect project
Determine cost to construct
Help developer to obtain developer loan applications
Water Supply
Pipes - dollars per linear foot
Valves, hydrants, fire lines, pumps
Semi detailed/ conceptual

53. Construction estimate
Generally developed after construction plans have been approved Quantity takeoffs to be determined Double check estimates with a PE (more experience)

55. Next time
Energy Equation