1. DO NOW Tuesday, November 15th
Study for Test

2. TODAY’S PLAN
Demonstrate Mastery of Chemistry Unit Learning Targets
TODAYS DO
Chemistry Unit Test

3. DO NOW Wednesday, November 16th
How many layers of the Earth are there? (If you’re not sure, take a guess!)
Name as many of them as you can.

4. TODAY’S PLAN
I can list the layers of the Earth.
I can describe the composition of the layers of the Earth.
TODAYS DO
We will complete guided notes and a coloring activity about the layers of the Earth.

6. Instructions PLAY the presentation.
Fill in ALL blanks on your sheet (front and back).
Label your layers of the Earth wedge (on the back of the page) as you come to those slides on the PowerPoint.
Write the information on your wedge in the same place I have it on the slides.
Color the layers of the Earth wedge.
You may use the colors on this PowerPoint or choose your own colors. Color lightly so you can still read what you have written.

7. The Layers of the Earth
© Copyright 2006.  M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.

8. The Four Layers
The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The outer core and inner core are even hotter with pressures so great you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!

9. The Crust
The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust).

10. The Crust
The crust is composed of two rocks. The continental crust is mostly granite. The oceanic crust is basalt. Basalt is much denser than the granite. Because of this the less dense continents ride on the denser oceanic plates.

11. Continent Ocean Continental Crust: thick; granite; less dense = floats
Oceanic Crust: thin; basalt;
more dense = sinks
Oceanic Crust

12. The Lithospheric Plates
The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semi-rigid asthenosphere.

13. The Lithosphere
The crust and the upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called the Lithosphere.

14. Lithosphere: Crust and
Ocean
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
Upper Mantle
Lithosphere: Crust and
Upper Mantle
Rigid, brittle rock

15. The Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere is the semi-rigid part of the middle mantle that flows like hot asphalt under a heavy
weight.

16. Asthenosphere: semi-rigid
Ocean
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
Upper Mantle
Lithosphere
Middle
Mantle
Asthenosphere: semi-rigid

17. The Mantle
The Mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. The middle mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. The movement of the middle mantle (asthenosphere) is the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move.

18. Lithosphere Asthenosphere Largest Layer is Mantle Ocean
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
Upper Mantle
Lithosphere
Largest Layer is
Mantle
Middle
Mantle
Asthenosphere
Very hot Dense
Rock that flows
Lower Mantle

19. Convection Currents
The middle mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over.

20. Convection Currents
The next time you heat anything like soup or water in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents, as shown in the animation to the left.
Safety Caution: Don’t get your face too close to the boiling water!

21. Lithosphere Asthenosphere Ocean Continental Crust Upper Mantle
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
Upper Mantle
Lithosphere
Convection currents
Asthenosphere
Lower Mantle
Convection currents
(in middle mantle):
Hotter magma from bottom
Rises and cooler magma at
Top sinks

22. The Outer Core
The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is composed of the melted metals of nickel and iron.

23. Lithosphere Asthenosphere Ocean Continental Crust Upper Mantle
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
Upper Mantle
Lithosphere
Convection currents
Middle
Mantle
Asthenosphere
Lower Mantle
Outer Core: made
Of liquid metals like
Nickel and iron

24. The Inner Core
The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid.

25. Lithosphere Asthenosphere Ocean Continental Crust Upper Mantle Middle
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
Upper Mantle
Lithosphere
Middle
Mantle
Asthenosphere
Lower Mantle
Outer Core
Inner
Core
Great pressures;
Metal atoms squeezed
Together and vibrate in
Place as a solid

26. The End Have we ever seen part of the Mantle? Explain. BONUS:
Find a pair or trio and answer this question:
Have we ever seen part of the Mantle? Explain.
© Copyright 2006.  M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.

27. THURSDAY DO NOW
What are convection currents?
Why are they important?

28. TODAY’S PLAN
I can list the layers of the Earth.
I can describe the composition of the layers of the Earth.
I can explain what causes movement of the crustal plates.
TODAYS DO
We will complete notes about the layers of the Earth.