1. (Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing)
Inner Life of the Cell
(Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing)

2. Cell organelles Starting activity:
Work out the actual size of the mitochondrion in the top right side of your labelled animal cell.
Mag =Image size / Actual size
M = 20mm/5μm
M = 20,000μm / 5μm = x4000
A = I/M
A = 12mm/x4000
A = 0.003mm
0.003 x 1000 = μm
0.003 x 1000 = 3 μm
3D Interactive cell
Utah cell

3. The nucleus The nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleoplasm Chromatin
The nucleolus
The nucleus:
Acts as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and protein synthesis
Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA / chromosomes.
Manufacture rRNA and ribosomes
Start the process of cell division.

4. Chloroplasts The chloroplast envelope The stroma The grana
Starch grains

5. The mitochondrion Double membrane
Cristae (stalked elementary particles)
The matrix (Krebs cycle)

6. Endoplasmic reticulum
RER
SER
Cisternae

7. Ribosomes 80S type = eukaryotic cells 70S type = prokaryotic cells
2 sub-units. One large and one
Small.
Each contain rRNA and protein
Important in protein synthesis

8. Golgi apparatus Similar to SER in structure.
Flattened stacks of cisternae.
Modifies proteins from ER
Labels them, which allows
Them to go to their correct
Destination.
Modified protein transported in vesicles

9. Lysosomes
Formed when vesicles produced from the golgi apparatus include within them enzymes (e.g. Proteases, lipases)
Up to 1.0 μm in diameter
Isolate potentially harmful enzymes from rest of cell.

10. Cell surface (plasma) membrane
Partially permeable.
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

11. Cilia Threads which extend from cell surface.
3-4 μm long, could be up to 10 μm. they are 0.2 μm in diameter.
Basal body embedded in cytoplasm
Basal body contains 9 sets of 3 microtubules.

12. Centrioles Found in almost all animal cells. NOT in plant cells
Hollow cylinders 0.5 μm in length and 0.2 μm in diameter.
Internal structure = 9 sets of 3 microtubules
2 in each cell. Lie at right angles to one another near the nucleus

13. Comparing plant and animal cells
Cell wall absent
Chloroplasts absent
Vacuoles if present – small and scattered.
Cytoplasm present throughout the cell
Nucleus anywhere in cell, but often central.
Centrioles present
Cilia or undulipodia often present
Glycogen granules used for storage
Almost all cells are capable of division
Plant cells
Cell wall with pits and plasmodesmata.
Chloroplasts present
Large single vacuole.
Cytoplasm – thin layer confined to edge of cell.
Nucleus at edge of cell
Centrioles absent in higher plants
Cilia and undulipodia absent. In higher plants.
Starch grains used for storage
Only some cells capable of division.

14. Identifying cell organelles

15. Plenary activity:
Complete short answer questions on cell organelles. Complete Q3 from Q booklet Homework: Q1 part (a) only & Q4 all parts. Due: Next lesson.