1. Cell organization

2. Viruses
What is a virus?
Nonliving Particle
Core of hereditary material (DNA)
Protein coat
Viruses can only reproduce inside a living cell

3. How are viruses classified?
Active Viruses:
Attach
Invade
Copy
Release
Destroys a cell as soon as it enters it

4. How are viruses classified? (continued)
Latent Viruses:
Attaches,
Becomes part of genetic material,
Divides with cell,
Leaves genetic material and becomes active
Virus can become active and destroy host cell at any time
What is a vaccine?
Preventative made from damaged virus particles that can’t cause disease anymore

5. Section 3: Microscopes and Cell Theory
Simple Microscope: Magnifying glass
Compound Light Microscope: lets light pass through an object and then through 2 more lenses, magnifying even more
Electron Microscope: use a magnetic field to bend beams of electrons (only dead tissue/cells)

6. Some important dates:
1665: Robert Hooke slices a cork and looks at it under a microscope, notices little boxes = cells
1838: Matthias Schleiden studies plant parts and concludes that all plants are made of cells
1839: Theodor Schwann says the same thing about animals
1850’s : Rudolph Virchow hypothesizes that cells can only come from other cells

7. Cell Theory: 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. Cells are basic unit of structure and function in all organisms
3. All cells come from cells that already exist

8. Prokaryotic cells: have no membrane around their nuclear material
Examples: bacteria and cells that form pond scum
Eukaryotic Cells: has a nucleus with a membrane around it
Examples: Animal and plant cells

9. Animal cells are like a huge factory, all parts working together:
Cell Membrane: outer layer of the cell that allows certain materials in or out (doors/windows)
Cytoplasm: gel-like material filling the cell (air)
Organelles: structures inside the cytoplasm that carry out cell functions

10. Ribosomes: make proteins (factory workers)
Nucleus: largest Organelle, directs all activity of the cell and contains genetic info for whole cell (office)
Chromatin: hereditary material in nucleus (paperwork)
Endoplasmic Reticulum: folded membrane that moves material around inside the cell (conveyor belt)
Ribosomes: make proteins (factory workers)

11. Golgi Bodies: package and move proteins out of cell (delivery guys)
Mitochondria: where food molecules are broken down and energy is released (lunch room)
Lysosomes: digest wastes and worn out cell parts (trash men)
Vacuoles: storage areas in cell (closets)

12. Plant Cells: Very much the same, but there are key differences.
Cell Wall: rigid structure outside the cell membrane that supports and protects the plant cell
Chloroplasts: change light energy into chemical energy (sugar)
Chlorophyll is the chemical that converts energy for plant cells, makes them green

13. Cell Organization:
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism