1. Prosthetics

2. Definition of Prosthetic
“a device, either external or implanted, that substitutes for or supplements a missing or defective part of the body”*
*Source:

3. Approaches for Tissue Substitutes
Autografting
Allografting
Tissue Engineering
Man-made materials and devices

4. Autografting Use tissue from patient
Transplant from one location to another
Autologous grafts are not rejected in transplant
Examples?
Coronary bypass (vein grafts removed from leg, then transplanted to the heart to aid blood flow around blocked coronary arteries)
Spinal fusion (bone graft from patient’s hip is used to stabilize a segment of the patient spine)
Problems?
High cost
Pain, infection and blood loss at harvest site

5. Allografting Use tissue from donor Transplant to patient Examples?
Heart
Liver
Kidney
Lungs
Problems?
Donor shortages: in 1988 there were over 20,000 organ transplants in the U.S., but more than 4,500 patients died while waiting for suitable donor organs
Rejection

6. Tissue Engineering
Cells + Scaffold + Chemical Cocktail = New Organ (maybe)
Cells attach to scaffold
Add “growth factors”
Organize into normal, healthy tissue
Scaffold degrades over time after being implanted into the patient

7. Tissue Engineering Examples

8. Approaches for Tissue Substitutes
Autografting
Allografting
Tissue Culture
Man-made materials and devices

9. Man-made materials and devices
Devices and materials created to replicate functions performed by biological systems
Examples?
Artificial Valve
Prosthetic hip
Problems?
Fatigue
Fracture
Toxicity
Inflammation
Wear
Failure to function physiologically

10. Taking it to the classroom …
Ideas for teaching middle or high school students about prosthetic device design
A little help from Hollywood as a “hook”

11. Real-World Examples/Ethical Concerns
Bionic Arm Video:
NY Times Article/Video:

12. Career Connection

13. Plaster Casting

14. Prostethic Limb Design Challenge

15. Real-World Examples

16. Activity Resources Next Week: Plaster Casting Activity:
(Can we make some handouts to link to here? – ALAN, HELP PLEASE????)
Prosthetic Limb Design Challenge:
(Will link to Jeff Iwanicki’s files – I have these)
Next Week:
Hydraulic Arm Activity:
Ethics of Robitics:
Ethics of Robotics.pdf