1. Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Nursing
Ferris State University
NURS 324 section VL1

2. Introduction and purpose
Within this presentation we intend to explain the theory which has influenced much of the current American healthcare community and economy. There is a great expectation for not only high level technology and care, but also ever increasing customer service. We are able to begin providing holistic, cultural aware care by studying Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Care.

3. Evidence Based Practice
Leininger’s impact can be felt in many areas of nursing today.
Specific care depending on individual culture
Eliminate long-standing disparities in the health status of people of diverse cultural backgrounds
Improve quality of services and health outcomes.
To gain a competitive edge in the market place (Schneider)
The sunrise model was developed by Leininger to guide nurses in assessing cultural data for an understanding of its influence on the patients life (Black, 2014).

4. Leininger’s Metaparadigm: Person and Environment
“Humans are universally caring beings who survive in a diversity of cultures through their ability to provide universality of care in a variety of ways according to differing cultures, needs and settings” (Nursing Theories, 2012).
Includes physical, spiritual, emotional, and social aspects
Environment
“Included events with meanings and interpretations given to them in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical or cultural setting. Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture” (Nursing Theories, 2012).
Behaviors & health are influenced by culture
Assessment of patient’s environment crucial

5. Leininger’s Metaparadigm: Health and Nursing
“Encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions, including well-being, illness, disability, and handicap” (University of the Philippines Open University, 2011).
-Health is universal across cultures but specific to each individual culture.
-Nurses must be sensitive to beliefs, values, and practices of each culture.
Nursing:
“a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline that focuses on phenomena and activities of human care in order to assist, support, facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well-being in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways” (University of the Philippines Open University,2011).

6. Evidence Based Practice in a Global Community
Local
Avoid ethnocentrism in practice
Understanding and respecting local culture gives patients a sense of trust
Regional
Being sensitive to culture can help bridge the gap between traditional health care and cultural norms of a society
Global
Universality- Common similarities among cultures
The more knowledgeable nurses are about other cultures, the more caring and sensitive to others’ cultural needs

7. References
Black, B.P. (2014). Nursing theory: the basis for professional nursing. Professional nursing concepts and challenges, (pp ). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.
Madeleine Leininger Metaparadigm in Nursing. (2012). NursingTheories. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from
Nursing Theories. (2012). Madeleine leininger metaparadigm in nursing. Retrieved February 27, 2014 from metaparadigm-in-nursing/
Schneider, S. (n.d.). Nursing in the U.S.A.. Nursezone. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from detail/Transcultural-Nursing-Care-Turning-Theory-into-Practice_16310.aspx
Sitzman, K. L., & Eichelberger, L. W. (2011). Understanding the work of nurse theorists: a creative beginning (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC.
University of the Philippines Open University. (2011, July 11). Leininger's theory of culture care. Retrieved from care.html