1. ROCKS Explain how extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks are different.
Describe how different types of sedimentary rocks form.
Describe the conditions needed for metamorphic rocks to form.

2. ROCKS: Igneous
The deeper you go into the interior of Earth, the higher the temperatures is and the greater the pressure.
Igneous Rock; forms when melted rock from inside Earth cools.

3. ROCKS: Igneous
When melted rock material cools on Earth’s surface, it makes extrusive igneous rock.

4. REVIEW QUESTION
What do you call melted rock material on Earth’s surface?
Lava

5. ROCKS: Igneous Extrusive igneous rocks can form in two ways.
Volcanoes erupt and shoot out lava and ash.
CONT

6. ROCKS: Igneous
2. Large cracks in Earth’s crust, called fissures, open up oozing lava.

7. ROCKS: Igneous
Intrusive igneous rock: When the rock melt occurs and cools beneath Earth’s surface.
CONT

8. What do you call melted rock material below the Earth’s surface?
REVIEW QUESTION
What do you call melted rock material below the Earth’s surface?
Magma

9. ROCKS: Igneous
Intrusive igneous rocks forms from magma. This hot mass of rock material sits under the surface cooling over millions of years until it is solid.
The cooling is so slow that the minerals form large crystals.
CONT

10. ROCKS: Igneous
Rocks that cool quickly usually form small crystals that are difficult to see.
Rocks that cool slowly usually form larger visible crystals.

11. Extrusive igneous rocks.
REVIEW QUESTION
Rocks that cool quickly usually form small crystals that are difficult to see.
Question: What type of igneous rocks are these?
Extrusive igneous rocks.

12. Intrusive igneous rocks
REVIEW QUESTION
Rocks that cool slowly usually form larger visible crystals.
Question what type of rocks are these?
Intrusive igneous rocks

13. ROCKS
How do rocks get their color?
Chemicals

14. Chemical composition of rocks:
ROCKS: Igneous
Chemical composition of rocks:
Light colored rocks are called granitic rocks.
Dark colored rocks are called basaltic rocks.

15. ROCKS: Igneous
Granitic rocks are often intrusive.
Basaltic rocks are often extrusive.

16. ROCKS: Sedimentary How do you think sedimentary rocks formed?
Layers of sediment are deposited over many years.
CONT

17. ROCKS: Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of broken rock, shells, mineral grains and other materials.
This sediment collects in layers to form rocks; sedimentary rocks.

18. How is sediment carried to a location?
ROCKS: Sedimentary
How is sediment carried to a location?
Rivers
Ocean waves
Mudslides
Glaciers
Wind

19. ROCKS: Sedimentary
After the sediment is deposited it takes thousands to millions of years to become sedimentary rock.

20. ROCKS: Sedimentary
Three categories of sedimentary rock.
Detrital Rocks: Made up of grains of minerals or other rocks deposited in layers. Minerals dissolved in water cement these particles together. Gravity also compacts the layers into rock.
CONT

21. Detrital Rocks: ROCKS: Sedimentary
Sandstone is an example of a detrital rock.

22. ROCKS: Sedimentary Chemical Rocks:
Form when seawater, geysers, or hot springs (all loaded with minerals) evaporate.
CONT

23. Organic Rocks: ROCKS: Sedimentary
Living matter dies, piles up, and is compressed into rock.
Question:
Can you give examples?
Chalk
Coal

24. ROCKS: Sedimentary
Limestone
Coal
Chalk
Video: Sedimentary
3:36

25. ROCKS: Sedimentary Fossils:
A fossil is the remains or trace of a once-living plant or animal.
Chalk and limestone are made from fossils of millions of tiny organisms.

26. ROCKS: Metamorphic
Rocks get recycled just as humans recycle aluminum cans.
This process usually occurs way below the Earth’s surface where temperatures and pressures are high.
New rocks form when existing rocks are heated or squeezed but not melted.
CONT

27. Rock Cycle
Rocks are recycled constantly from one kind of rock to another. Video Rock Cycle

28. ROCKS: Metamorphic Two Types of Metamorphic Rock:
1.) foliated – have visible layers or elongated grains of minerals
ex: slate, gneiss, phylite, schist
2.) nonfoliated – do not have distinct layers or bands (grains, if visible, do not line up in any particular direction)
ex: quartzite, marble, soapstone