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The ‘Second Reformation’ & The Catholic Response

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Presentation on theme: "The ‘Second Reformation’ & The Catholic Response"— Presentation transcript:

1 The ‘Second Reformation’ & The Catholic Response
Period general – early modern Lecture 6 – Simon Ditchfield

2 Why religion matters

3 Why religion mattered St Margaret Clitherow (martyred in York 1586)
Clifford’s tower, York – site of Jewish massacre, 1190 St Margaret Clitherow (martyred in York 1586)

4 Lutheran inspiration Martin Luther ( ) The Word translated

5 Calvinist organisation
Jean Calvin ( ) The Word proclaimed

6 Calvinist connections
Letter from Calvin in Strasbourg to Farel, 1540 Calvin’s Academy

7 Religious divisions ca.1555

8 France – defence of a minority church
St Bartholomew’s day massacre 1572 Huguenot church interior, Lyon (16th century)

9 England – ‘But haftly reformed’
Edward VI ( ) & the Pope Marian persecution ( )

10 Counter Reformation 1 - redefinition
Caravaggio, Seven works of mercy, Naples, 1607 Council of Trent,( )

11 Counter-Reformation 2 Enforcement
Roman Inquisition (founded 1542) Confession Box (introduced from 1570s)

12 Catholic reformation 1 some new religious orders
St Ignatius Loyola ( ) St Teresa of Avila ( )

13 Catholic reformation 2 - schools
Castellino da Castello ( ) Schools of Christian Doctrine Jesuit Ratio studiorum, (1599)

14 Catholic reformation 3 – bishops & women
St Charles Borromeo ( ) attending plague victim in Milan Saints Louise de Marillac & Vincent de Paul – founders of the Daughters of Charity, (1633)

15 Catholic globalisation
St Francis Xavier ( ) Goa, Basilica of Bom Jesus

16 Catholic globalisation – China
Matteo Ricci ( ) Chinese annunciation

17 Catholic globalisation - Japan
Martyrs Madonna of the Snows

18 Catholic globalisation – India
Jesuits at the court of Emperor Akbar the Great ( ) A ‘Mughal Michelangelo’

19 Catholic globalisation: the Americas
Learning to speak in ‘Floridan’ Making saints in Paraguay

20 Confessionalisation Lutheranism, Calvinism, Reformed Catholicism to be seen as parallel movements of social discipline (not opposites) Shift from community of believers to confession of beliefs (confessio – I believe) Use of propaganda (all available media employed) Internalisation of behaviour via education and training Reform of ritual “Of all laws there is none more favourable to princes than the Christian law, for it makes not only the bodies and goods of those they rule subject to them… but also their souls and consciences, and binds not only hands but also thoughts and feelings” (Giovanni Botero, Della ragion di Stato, (1589))


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