1. Chapter 7 Rocks and Minerals
Lesson 1
Chapter 7 Rocks and Minerals

2. Minerals
Definition
A mineral is a ____natural_________, _______solid_______ substance that has a definite ___chemical______ ___composition__and physical structure.

3. Minerals

4. Minerals
Every mineral can form as a crystal with a regular ______geometric shape_______

5. Minerals
Every mineral can form as a crystal with a regular _geometric____shape____

6. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Streak
Fluorescence
Crystal Structure
Cleavage
Phosphorescence

7. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Streak
Color of _____powder________ left behind when a mineral is rubbed on an on a streak plate (unglazed tile)
Streak may be __the same color_____
as the mineral or different.

8. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Streak

9. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Fluorescence
A mineral that glows under ___ultraviolet___ light shows fluorescence.
Calcite, fluorite and other minerals

10. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Fluorescence

11. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Fluorescence fluorite, dolomite, calcite, svarite,
mangananosite, wernerite, calcite and willemite, pink calcite

12. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Crystal Structure
Minerals are always __________________, with atoms arranged in certain repeating patterns which result in crystal shape.
Crystal shape _____________________always be used to identify minerals because most minerals are not formed in best conditions. __________ _________________ shape may not be visible.

13. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Crystal Structure

14. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Crystal Structure

15. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Crystal Structure
Pyrite

16. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Crystal Structure
Pyrite

17. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Cleavage
Minerals _____________ along a plane (flat surfaces parallel to the crystal faces)
The way it breaks is called _________________

18. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Cleavage

19. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Cleavage

20. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Cleavage
How it breaks
Obsidian
Conchoidal fractures
Flint
Conchoidal fractures

21. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.

22. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Scientists use the
Mohs scale

23. Mohs scale

25. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Scientists use the Mohs scale
Mohs scale rates minerals from softest (1) to hardest (10)

26. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Scientists use the Mohs scale
Mohs scale rates minerals from softest (1) to hardest (10)
Diamonds are a 10 –no other minerals can scratch it.
(Diamond is 4 times harder than corundum.

28. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness is tested with common objects such as a finger nail, copper coin, glass, steel nail.
3.5
6.5
2.5
3.5
5.5

29. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Minerals can also be tested against each other.

30. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is tested with common objects such as ______________________, _________________ ______________________, and _____________
Minerals can also be tested against __________ ____________________

32. Everyday uses
Diamond is used as _________________________ and to _______________ _________________________ _____________________________

33. Everyday uses
Diamond is used as _________________________ and to _______________ _________________________ _____________________________
Sandpaper is made from __________________________________ because it is _________________________ (9 on Mohs)

34. Everyday uses
Diamond is used as _________________________ and to _______________ _________________________ _____________________________
Sandpaper is made from __________________________________ because it is _________________________ (9 on Mohs)
____________________ is very soft and is used in pencils

35. Everyday uses
___________________ is used to make glass.
Metals such as __________________, _____________, and _______________ in their natural state are minerals.
__________________ is used for parts in computers and wiring.
__________________ is used to make steel.
__________________ is rock salt.

36. Everyday uses
___________________ is used to make glass.
Metals such as __________________, _____________, and _______________ in their natural state are minerals.
__________________ is used for parts in computers and wiring.
__________________ is used to make steel.
__________________ is rock salt.

37. Everyday uses

38. Everyday uses

39. Everyday uses

40. How Minerals Form
Minerals form in such places as _______________, ________________, _______
Minerals form only in _______________ from materials that were never _______

41. How Minerals Form
Some form from a __________________________ _______________________
Some are ___________________________________ made of several elements.
Minerals may form __________________ in the Earth.

42. How Minerals Form
Diamonds form in the mantle where ________________ and ________________ turns black carbon into clear colorless crystals.
Some minerals form in ________________
Some crystals form in seawater or hot mineral rich ____________________.

43. How Minerals Form

44. How Minerals Form

45. Geodes
May begin as a fossil ______________ that becomes filled with _____________. When the water ________________, the minerals are left as _______________ on the shell walls.

46. Geodes

47. Geodes

48. Geodes

49. Geodes