1. European Exploration
SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various world regions.
a. Identify the causes of European exploration and colonization including religion, natural resources, a market for goods, and the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator.

2. Introduction Video Discovery Education
The Explorers: The Dawning of the Era of Exploration (15 minutes)

3. Reasons for European Exploration:
God (spread Christianity)
Gold (riches and wealth)
Glory (fame and honor)
Goods (cool stuff like silk and spices)
Ground (claim land)

4. GOD- spread religion
In the late 1400s, the European rulers were very religious and wanted to convert everyone to Christianity, including people living in the places they explored. 4

5. GOLD
Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for, but remember that it is really wealth, not just literal gold that explorers were after. 5

6. GOLD would bring wealth and power to whatever country found it!6

7. GLORY
To be “the first” to find new land and bring goods and wealth to your country would bring FAME and HONOR.
(We’re still talking about these explorers today!)

8. GOODS- Spices
In the 1400s, there was no refrigeration. To prevent meat from spoiling, people drowned their meat in salt to preserve and dry it (like beef jerky). They also used a lot of spices like pepper to cover up the taste of the salted or spoiled meat. 8

9. GOODS- Spices
Unfortunately for Europeans, these spices did not grow anywhere in Europe. They were only found in Asian countries. It was very difficult to get the spices from Asia to Europe over land so spices became very expensive. 9

10. GOODS
Several European rulers finally decided to try to find a new route- a sea route. If a country could find a way to get these valuable spices to Europe, the rulers would be very rich. 10

11. GROUND- larger empires
Some European rulers, especially the King of Spain and the King of Portugal, wanted to claim as much land as they could. They wanted to take all of the natural resources from the new land and use the people that lived there as slaves to do their work. 11

12. Countries would do anything to expand their empire to new places
Countries would do anything to expand their empire to new places. Larger empire = More power! 12

13. Prince Henry the Navigator (son of King John I) was from Portugal.

14. PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR

15. Portugal to be the first to sail around Africa to get to Asia.
Prince Henry wanted:
Portugal to be the first to sail around Africa to get to Asia.
Portugal to control trade and get rich.
to spread Christianity.

16. Why had no one ever sailed around the tip of Africa?
The sailors were afraid of the unknown and tales they had heard of strange waters and creatures.

17. Would you have been afraid??!

18. There was much they didn’t know...

19. Prince Henry “The Navigator” never sailed!!
It’s kind of funny…
Prince Henry “The Navigator” never sailed!!

20. 1420
Instead of exploring, Prince Henry established a school of navigation in Portugal to train sea captains and sailors.

21. THE NAVIGATION SCHOOL
Prince Henry wanted the sailors and captains to be prepared.
He invited cartographers (mapmakers), geographers, astronomers, experienced sea captains, and other experts to teach at his school.

22. His school taught:
Navigation
Mapmaking (Cartography)
Shipbuilding

23. Astrolabe Prince Henry’s school taught sailors to use this instrument.
It helped sailors navigate by using heavenly bodies to find the latitude.

24. Quadrant
Another navigational tool was the quadrant.

25. How did the quadrant work?
In order to determine his ship's position at sea, a sailor would use this instrument to measure the angle of the sun over the horizon at noon, and then use that measurement to calculate his vessel’s latitude.

26. A NEW SHIP
Under Prince Henry’s direction, a new and lighter ship was developed.
The caravel would go faster and further than other ships.

28. Caravel

29. The Caravel had triangular sails that made the ship easier to sail.
had more room for storage, so the sailors could take more food, water, and supplies for longer voyages.

30. Prince Henry arranged many voyages down the west coast of Africa.
He never sailed on any of the expeditions he sponsored (paid for).

32. 1460
Prince Henry died before any Portuguese sailors made it to the tip of Africa.
However, his dreams lived on after his death. Portuguese explorers kept sailing further and further down the coast of Africa until Prince Henry’s goals were met.

33. Prince Henry’s Tomb
Henry’s tomb is located in the Monastery of Batalha in Portugal.

34. Results of This Exploration:
POSITIVE-- Eventually Portugal did gain great riches and wealth from trade.
NEGATIVE-- The beginning of slave trade across the Atlantic was a negative result.
**A study of records by Cambridge University reports that 81,000 people were traded and sold between **

35. THEN WHAT???? 1488 Portuguese explorer Bartolomew Dias
reached the tip of Africa
now known as the Cape
of Good Hope.
He first named the southern tip of Africa the “cape of storms”.
Dias died on a later expedition in 1500.

37. 1498
Vasco Da Gama was the first European to sail around Africa and reach Asia.
After a two year expedition his ships reached the country of India.
Many people thought this voyage would be impossible because they thought the Indian Ocean was not connected to other bodies of water.

39. WHAT’S THE POINT??
Although Prince Henry did not live to see it, his goals were met.
Portugal became the first country to sail to the tip of Africa.
Portugal was the first country to reach Asia by sailing around Africa.
Portugal gained wealth because of trading.

40. TODAY:
This statue of Prince Henry overlooks the New Bedford Harbor in Massachusetts.
It honors him as being the “father of modern celestial navigation techniques.”

41. Prince Henry Video Discovery Education
Exploring the World: The Portuguese Explorers

42. Standard SS6H6: Trace the colonization of Australia by the United Kingdom.

43. The English explored Australia.
Three British explorers to know:
James Cook ( )
Matthew Flinders ( )
Arthur Phillip ( )

44. James Cook Cook was a British explorer and astronomer.
He went on many expeditions to the Pacific Ocean, Antarctica, the Arctic, Australia and around the world.

45. Captain Cook’s Voyages 1st – Red 2nd – Green 3rd – Blue After Death Voyage – Dashed Blue

46. On James Cook’s first voyage, he sailed to Australia.
A Replica of Captain Cook’s ship the Endeavour, anchored where the original Endeavour was beached for 7 weeks in 1770.
On James Cook’s first voyage, he sailed to Australia.
He claimed the east coast for Great Britain.
Captain Cook named Australia “New South Wales”.

47. His ship the Endeavor got stuck on the Great Barrier Reef
His ship the Endeavor got stuck on the Great Barrier Reef! The ship was damaged and almost sank. A piece of the coral broke off and plugged the hole until it could be repaired in northern Queensland.

48. Matthew Flinders
Flinders was another English explorer who mapped parts of Australia.
He was the first to circumnavigate (sail completely around) Australia.

50. What did Flinders learn from James Cook’s voyage??
What 2 physical features are named after Matthew Flinders?

51. By the late 1700’s the British were ready to start a permanent settlement (colony) in Australia.
Great Britain wanted to start this colony as a place to send prisoners from its overcrowded jail.
Australia was started as a penal (prison) colony.

52. Arthur Phillip
Captain Arthur Phillip was a naval officer who led the First Fleet. This group of ships carried the first English settlers to Australia.

53. First Fleet

54. Arthur Philipp

55. Captain Arthur Phillip had planned his route with designated stops at established port cities.
Why do you think he did this?

56. Because the British established and maintained permanent settlements in Australia, British influence is still present in Australia.

57. 2 British influences in Australia:
The main language in Australia is English.
Place names- Look at the map.
Queensland and Victoria-named in honor of the Queen of England
New South Wales- named for the UK country of Wales

58. 4 Main Reasons for the British to colonize Australia:
They needed a place to send prisoners from the overcrowded jails
They wanted a naval base in the southern hemisphere.
They wanted to expand trade.
They did not want another country (especially France) to start a colony there first!

59. What was Triangular Trade?
Triangular Trade (named for the rough shape it makes on a map) proved lucrative for merchants.

60. What areas of the world were involved?
Europe
Africa
The Americas

61. The FIRST stage of the Triangular Trade involved taking manufactured goods from Europe to Africa: cloth, spirits, tobacco, beads, metal goods, and guns. The guns were used to help expand empires and obtain more slaves (until they were finally used against European colonizers). These goods were exchanged for African slaves.

62. The SECOND stage of the Triangular Trade (the middle passage) involved shipping the slaves to the Americas.
The THIRD and final stage of the Triangular Trade involved the return to Europe with the produce from the slave-labor plantations: cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses, and rum.

64. Summary Video The Great Age of Exploration: 1400-1550 (30 minutes)
or Discovery Education