1. Phonetics: The Sounds of Language
CONSONANT SOUNDS

2. Places of Articulation

3. Voicing
Voiced: The glottal state in which the vocal folds are brought close together but not tightly closed, causing air passing through them to vibrate.
[b], [d], [g], [v], [ð], [z], [ʒ], [dʒ], [m], [n], [ŋ], [l], [r], [w], [y]

4. Voicing
Voiceless: The glottal state in which the vocal folds are pulled apart, allowing air to pass directly through the glottis.
[p], [t], [k], [f], [θ], [s], [ʃ], [tʃ]

5. Places of Articulation
Bilabial 
[p], [b], [m], [w]
Labiodental 
[f], [v]
Interdental 
[θ], [ð]
Alveolar 
[t], [d], [s], [z], [l], [n]

6. Places of Articulation
Palatal 
[ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ ], [dʒ], [r], [y]
Velar 
[k], [g], [ŋ ],
Glottal 
[h]
So, how many consonant sounds are there in English Language? 24

7. [s] : [l] [k] : [ŋ] [p] : [g] [t] : [z] [m] : [n] [dʒ ] : [ʃ]
For each of the following pairs of sounds, state whether the place of articulation is the same or different. Then identify the place of articulation.
[s] : [l]
[k] : [ŋ]
[p] : [g]
[t] : [z]
[m] : [n]
[dʒ ] : [ʃ]
[ f ] : [h]
Alveolar : Alveolar
Velar : Velar
Bilabial : Velar
Bilabial : Alveolar
Palatal : Palatal
Labiodental : Glottal

8. Manner of Articulation
Plosive (Stop): Complete and momentary closure of airflow through the vocal tract.
[p], [t], [k], [b], [d], [g]
Nasal: The airflow passes through the nasal passages.
[n], [m], [ŋ]
Fricative: Continuous airflow through the mouth.
[f], [v], [s], [z], [θ], [ð], [ʃ], [ʒ ], [h]

9. Manner of Articulation
Affricate: The stop articulation is released and the tongue moves rapidly away.
[tʃ], [dʒ]
Liquid: Air escapes through the mouth along the lowered sides of the tongue.
[l], [r]
Glide: semi-consonants.
[ y ], [w]

10. [s] : [θ ] [k] : [g] [w] : [ y ] [ f ] : [ʃ] [l] : [t] [ð] : [v]
For each of the following pairs of sounds, state whether the manner of articulation is the same or different. Then identify the manner of articulation for each sound.
[s] : [θ ]
[k] : [g]
[w] : [ y ]
[ f ] : [ʃ]
[l] : [t]
[ð] : [v]
[tʃ] : [s]
Fricative : Fricative
Stop : Stop
Glide : Glide
Liquid : Stop
Affricate : Fricative

11. Phonetic Description When describing phonemes: voicing is first
place of articulation is second
manner of articulation is third
[p] voiceless bilabial stop
[v] voiced labiodental fricative

12. Voiced labiodental fricative Voiced alveolar affricate
After each of the following articulatory descriptions, write the sound described in phonetic brackets.
Voiceless velar stop
Voiced labiodental fricative
Voiced alveolar affricate
Voiced palatal glide
[k]
[v]
[dʒ]
[y]

13. After each of the following sounds, write the articulatory description.
[ŋ]
[θ]
[r]
[tʃ]
Voiced velar nasal
Voiceless interdental fricative
Voiced palatal liquid
Voiceless palatal affricate