1. Exam Day: ____________ Exam Date: ____________ Exam Time: ____________
Name: ____________________________________________ Period:
Fall 2017 Exam Review
Exam Day: ____________ Exam Date: ____________ Exam Time: ____________
Directions: Complete this review booklet according to your teachers’ instructions ”x5” index cards and a single quart-sized Ziploc are required.
CULTURE
CULTURE REGION
an area of the world in which many people share similar beliefs, history, and languages
GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE
the spread of US music, sports, and traditions to other countries
MULTICULTURISM
an acceptance of many cultures instead of just one
“MELTING POT”
the US is considered a “melting pot” when referring to the culture of the United States – this is because the US is a blend of cultures from all around the world
RELIGION (Know the religious symbol for each of the following religions – both the name and what it looks like.)
CHRISTIANITY – holy symbol Cross
ISLAM – Crescent Moon and Star
JUDAISM – holy symbol Star of David
HINDUSIM - AUM

2. 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY GENERAL GEOGRAPHY LOCATION
tells where a place is
ABSOLUTE LOCATION
the exact spot on Earth where a place is
example – when you give someone your street address
MOVEMENT
when people, goods, or ideas move from one place to another
example – when your family moves from one area to settle in another area
REGION
a group of places that have physical features or human characteristics in common
examples – the Middle East, the Sahara Desert, and Latin America
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION (HEI)
the interaction between humans and their environment
how humans depend on, adapt to, and modify the world around them
example – when humans clear land to build a school or parking lot
GENERAL GEOGRAPHY
COMPASS ROSE – a symbol on a map that helps you determine direction
HEMISPHERE – half the globe
EQUATOR
the Equator divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres
the Equator passes through South America, Africa, and Asia
the Equator does NOT pass through the Arctic Ocean
PRIME MERIDIAN
the special longitude line that goes from the North Pole to the South Pole through the town of Greenwich, England.
the Prime Meridian divides the Earth into the Western and Eastern hemispheres
CARTOGRAPHER
someone that makes maps
PHYSICAL MAP
the type of map that helps you locate landforms and bodies of water
POLITICAL MAP
the type of map that shows features that humans have created on Earth’s surface
MAP PROJECTION
a way of showing the Earth’s curved surface on a flat map

3. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT ATLAS a book of maps
the best resource for finding where Muleshoe, Texas is located
GLOBE
the most accurate representation of the world
PUSH FACTORS
problems in a place that would make you want to move away
examples – poverty, overcrowding, lack of jobs, and a poor school system
PULL FACTORS
advantages in another place that would make you want to live there
examples – educational opportunities, peace, and freedom
TRANSPORTATION BARRIER
a geographic feature that prevents or slows transportation
example – a river, a desert, a mountain range
TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR
a path that makes transportation easier
example – a canal, a river, a peninsula
UNITED STATES – the US is north of the Equator and west of the Prime Meridian
AUSTRALIA – Australia is south of the Equator and east of the Prime Meridian
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
UNLIMITED GOVERNMENT
a government in which the leaders have almost absolute power
examples – Cuba (Communist)
DEMOCRACY
the form of government where the power is in the hands of the people
example – it was first invented by the Ancient Greeks
REPUBLIC
a form of government where citizens elect representatives to manage the government
invented by the Ancient Romans
example – the United States
DEMOCRACY vs. REPUBLIC
In a Republic, representatives are elected to make decisions. In a Democracy, every free, adult, male, citizen, that owned land could vote.

4. GENERAL GOVERNMENT COMMUNISM
a form of government where most or all property is owned by the government and is supposed to be shared by all
examples – Cuba, China, Soviet Union (during/after WWII)
THEOCRACY
God is recognized as the supreme ruler; ruled by priests or religious officials acting in the name of God
example – Vatican City
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
the people and groups within a society that have the authority to make laws and make sure they are carried out
US CONSTITUTION
the basis of all US laws
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT
a formal change to the US Constitution
BILL of RIGHTS
the special name for the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
CITIZENSHIP
Membership in a country or community with rights, responsibilities, and duties
RIGHTS
the things you can do as a citizen of the United States
examples found in the Bill of Rights – freedom of speech and religion, right to vote, right to bear arms
RESPONSIBILITIES
the things you should do as a citizen of the United States
examples – recycling, casting an informed vote, be nice
DUTIES
the things you must do as a citizen of the United States
examples – obey laws, pay taxes, attend jury duty

5. ECONOMICS ENTREPRENEUR
the person that brings together the natural resources, labor resources, and capital resources to produce goods and provide services.
NATURAL RESOURCES
the raw materials needed to make goods
examples – land, water, minerals, soil
LABOR RESOURCES
the skilled and knowledgeable workers needed to make goods or provide services
CAPITAL RESOURCES
machines, factories, and supplies needed in the production of goods and services
ECONOMICS
is the study of how people manage their resources to fulfill their wants/needs
CONSUMER
people who use goods and services
SCARCITY
the conflict between the consumer’s wants and the limited availability of a product
COMPETITION
the rivalry between businesses to sell the most an make the greatest profit
example – to sell more of their product, a business might try to improve their product to make it more desirable to the consumer
IMPORT
products brought into a country from another country
EXPORT
products sold to another country
PROFIT
the money that remains after the costs of production are paid
GOODS
the “stuff” that people buy
SERVICES
any “action” you might pay for
SUPPLY
the amount of a product that sellers have available at a certain time and place
DEMAND
the quantity of goods that consumers are willing to purchase at a given price

6. COMMAND ECONOMY
a type of economy where the government decides how many of which goods are produced and sets prices; business owners have NO CONTROL over the businesses in a command economy
example – communist countries
MARKET ECONOMY
an economy that allows business owners to complete in the market with little government interference
example – the United States

7. EXECUTIVE BRANCH
their main job is to enforce laws
the President and his cabinet are part of this branch
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
the Senate and House of Representatives are both part of this branch
their main job is to make laws and control taxes and spending
JUDICIAL BRANCH
their main job is to decide if laws agree with the US Constitution
the Supreme Court is part of this branch
AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY
an industry that prepares and processes raw materials so that other companies or consumers can use them
examples – Froberg’s Farm, Aramco Oil, Triton Logging Company
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
an industry that turns raw materials into products that consumers or other businesses can use
examples – Billy’s Donuts, Subway, Ford Motor Company
WHOLESALE/RETAIL INDUSTRY
an industry that moves goods from the manufacturer to the consumer
examples – Target, First Colony Mall, HEB
SERVICE INDUSTRY
an industry that provides an action that can be purchased
examples – Baines Middle School, a movie theater, Sky Zone, Methodist Hospital