Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Age of Absolutism (c. 1600-1789).

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Age of Absolutism (c. 1600-1789)."— Presentation transcript:

1 Age of Absolutism (c )

2 What is Absolutism? All power invested in one ruler Product of:
Further centralization of Renaissance monarchies Desire for order as result of Wars of Religion Limited by technological constraints, power of nobility, and diversity of national populations

3 Philosophy of Absolutism
Bodin -- Rationalism Bossuet -- Divine Right of Kings Hobbes -- Social Contract Filmer -- Patriarchy

4 Common Features Strong, ambitious ruling dynasties
Cooptation of the nobility Control of religious authority Large, centralized bureaucracy Large standing army Increased taxes

5 Which nations had the largest armies?
Why do Britain and the Netherlands fluctuate?

6 France: Foundations of Absolutism
Cardinal Richelieu ( ) Strips Huguenots of political/military rights Builds standing army Network of spies **Intendants Cardinal Mazarin ( ) Faces severe problems: Foreigner Considered a scumbag Inherits problems of Richelieu The FRONDE ( )--tax revolt by the nobility

7 The Fronde (1648-52) Occurred in two waves
tax revolt; nobles and peasants join forces nobles of the sword attempt to overthrow the government Formative experience for Louis XIV One of series of noble revolts across Europe in late 1640s

8 Builds absolute rule upon foundation laid by Richelieu and Mazarin
Louis XIV ( ) Builds absolute rule upon foundation laid by Richelieu and Mazarin “one king, one law, one faith” “L’etat c’est moi” (I am the state) Bureaucratic control Co-optation of the Nobility Religious Uniformity Mercantilism Expansion of Military Propaganda

9 Bureaucratic Control Intendants Bribes of local officials

10 Cooptation of Nobility
New privileges to nobles Creation of approx. 20,000 new nobles Life at Versailles Kept nobles close/Spied on them Favors for those who are close to Louis Extravagant lifestyle bankrupted nobility: they became dependent on Louis for their lifestyle

11 Religious Uniformity “Gallican Church”--Louis had say in appt. of bishops in France Edict of Fontainebleu (1685) Prohibited Calvinism 200,000 Huguenots flee France

12 FONTAINEBLEU! FONTAINEBLUE!

13 FONTAINEBLEU! FONTAINEBLUE!

14 FONTAINEBLEU! FONTAINEBLUE!

15 FONTAINEBLEU! FONTAINEBLUE!

16 Mercantilism Jean-Baptiste Colbert

17 Military Reforms Increased size of army
Appointed army and naval officers

18 Propaganda Controlled printing presses Foreign books were made illegal
Stayed out of sight at Versailles Presented image of self as “Sun King”

19 Limits of French Absolutism
Half the population didn’t speak “French” Inadequate infrastructure Local officials sometimes obstructed policies Smugglers evaded mercantilist tariffs Short-term policies Wars drain treasury New Nobles loyal to Louis only Huguenots fled the country

20 Spain A Weakened Nation Economic Problems Bankruptcy
Weak commercial class Bloated, overindulgent nobility Outdated military Inefficient Government (El Escorial)

21 Spain Count de Olivares & Philip IV (1621-65)
Attempted to centralize government Reforms failed Nobles too powerful Expensive, losing wars Internal revolts + =

22 Austria Leopold I (1658-1705) expanded the state Weaknesses
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) Consolidation of Hapsburg lands Weaknesses Diverse ethnicities, religions, languages Nobles oversaw courts and police Local elites retain autonomy and privileges (e.g. Magyars)

23 Prussia (Brandenburg-Prussia)
Prussia = an army with a country Frederick William -- “Great Elector” ( ) Large standing army General War Commissariat 1st modern civil service in Europe State officials supervise tax collection “Service State” = Gov’t agreed to protect nobles’ rights to serfs in exchange for nobles’ surrender of their political powers

24 Johnny 5 says: “the Prussian nobles were known as JUNKERS”

25 Frederick William I (1713-1740)
Continued centralization Developed military power Military = 50% of budget 80,000 troops Royal guard of “giants” Conversion of industries All young men register for draft 1st country with reserve forces

26 Russia Ivan IV “the Terrible” (1533-84) Time of Troubles (1584-1613)
Expanded Eastward Maintained Loyalty through Fear & Serv(serf)ice State Time of Troubles ( ) Boyars battled for control Michael Romanov named tsar in 1613

27 Russia Peter the Great (1689-1725) Goal to make Russia a world power
Import technology/machinery Port on the Baltic Sea Westernize culture Military Reforms Administrative Reforms Religious Reforms Economic Reforms Cultural Reforms

28 Wars of Louis XIV (1667-1713) Four wars Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
War of the Triple Alliance (1667) Dutch War (1672) War of the League of Augsburg (1689) War of Spanish Succession (1702) Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Allowed Bourbon monarch in Spain France and Spain agreed to remain separate Territorial Changes England emerged as leading naval power


Download ppt "Age of Absolutism (c. 1600-1789)."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google