1. To Do:
Using the readings and your knowledge of history, please write one PARAGRAPH (that is 5-7 sentences!!) responding to the question on your half sheet.
You can write your paragraph on the back of the half sheet
This is number 12 in your binder!

2. Urbanization & Immigration
Objective 5.01

3. Big Cities
NYC grew from around 800,000 inhabitants in 1860 to almost 3.5 million by 1900
Chicago also grew at an astounding rate, in 1860 it was estimated to hold only 109,000 and by 1900 had more than 1.6 million

4. NYC skyline circa 1912

5. People Who Came
Lacked money to buy farms and an education to obtain higher paying jobs
Included both rural Americans and immigrants

6. What did big cities offer?
Better paying jobs
Bright lights, running water, plus many things to see and do
Museums, theaters, etc.

7. Leisure Activities Amusement Parks
1897—Steeplechase Park at Coney Island opened
Spectator Sports
Baseball became a part of American life
1903—First world series—Boston won

8. Central Park
Designed by Frederick Olmstead
Completed in 1873
Gave free leisure activity to city dwellers

11. Urban Environment
New approaches were used by engineers and architects to accommodate for the large flood of people into the cities

12. Skyscrapers began to appear
1st—Chicago’s Home Insurance Building in 1885 (10 stories)
NYC soon caught up and had more than any other city
By late 1880s—the electric elevator had been invented, which helped to make these buildings more practical

15. Mass Transit
At first, horse cars were used—a RR car pulled by a horse
1887—Electric trolley is invented

16. Later, cities would want public off streets
Chicago—elevated RR
Boston & NYC—first subway systems

18. New Inventions Alexander Graham Bell 1876—Telephone
Revolutionized both business and personal communication

19. Thomas Edison
1877—Phonograph
1879—Light bulb and electric generator

20. 1882—Edison Electric Illuminating Company launched new industry to provide electricity to customers in NYC (Today is known as GE)

22. Charles and J. Frank Duryea
1893—Gasoline Powered Car

23. Conditions of Cities Major problems for working poor Crime Violence
Fire
Disease
Pollution

24. Native-born Americans blamed immigrants for the increase in crime and violence
Alcohol played a major role in the increase of violent crime

25. Jacob Riis—blamed alcohol for breeding poverty, corrupting politics, and bringing suffering to the families of drunkards. Published a book, “How the Other Half Lives”

27. Important Info
Your test for Unit 2: The Gilded Age will be Tuesday Feb. 14th! Binder check on Mon. Feb 13th!
Last day to retake your quiz from this week is FRIDAY! If you didn’t take it yet it will go in as a ZERO starting Friday.
If you did not turn in a student info sheet or letter to me from the first day it will be a ZERO in the gradebook as of today until you make it up!!!

28. Immigration and Cultural Change
This is number 14 in your binder!!
NO SLEEPING
NO PHONES
NO MUSIC
Prove to me that you can all be on task during a movie/video for the future…

29. European Immigration
By 1890s more than half of all immigrants in the U.S. were eastern and southern Europeans
(Italians, Greeks, Poles, Russians, etc.)

30. Why America?
Plenty of jobs
Few immigration restrictions
To avoid military service back home
To avoid religious persecution—Jews from Russia and Poland

31. The New Colossus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

32. Where? They came to the U.S. through Ellis Island
Ethnic groups bonded and lived in the same areas
“Little Italy” & Jewish “Lower East Side”
Made cities a center of cultural pluralism—one or more cultures existing side by side

35. Housing
Many lived in tenements—apartment buildings that would share facilities
Crowded and unsanitary but helpful to give shelter to those who were poor

37. Helping Immigrants
Jane Addams created the Hull House for the poor in Chicago to provide social and education opportunities

38. Asian Immigration Chinese began coming to the U.S in the mid-1800s
Japanese also came but on a much smaller scale

39. Why America?
Money—discovery of gold in CA, work in RRs
Over population in China
Taiping Rebellion
Where?
Arrived through Angel Island in San Francisco

42. Resurgence of Nativism
Focused on Irish-Catholics in the past
Now began to focus on Asians, Jews, and other Eastern Europeans

43. Labor unions disliked because immigrants would work for lower costs and undermine strikes

44. Chinese Exclusion Act
Passed in 1882
Barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented those already in U.S. from citizenship
Later renewed in 1892 and made permanent in 1902
Remained in force until 1943

45. “Melting Pot” Code: theyue
As a result of immigration and urbanization, by the end of the 1800s, the U.S. was known as a “Melting Pot”
Code: theyue