1. South Asia
Unit 11

2. Where is SOUTH ASIA??

3. Mountains of South Asia
The Himalayas
Northern Barrier of South Asia
World’s Tallest Peaks
Mt. Everest (29, 035 feet)

4. More MOUNTAINS Eastern and Western Ghats (India)
Twin Escarpments in South India – “V” shaped.

5. Influence of Mountains:
Population & Settlements
-lower elevations have higher populations
Movement
-Khyber Pass – “gateway for invasions”
Climate
-block cold air from the North

6. CLIMATE of SOUTH ASIA Tropical Wet Regions are varied: Desert
Highlands

7. MONSOONS “Season” (Arabic) Summer Monsoon (Wet) Winter Monsoon (Dry)
Violent Mudslides
Welcomed by some.

8. Rivers of South Asia: Ganges River
-large delta, pollution, trade, irrigation, transportation, religion
Tell students about all the other things the Ganges River is used for.

9. BRAHMAPUTRA INDUS RIVER Tributaries Fertile Land (Pakistan)
Indus River Valley was sight of
early civilization
BRAHMAPUTRA
Flooding

10. AGRICULTURE!!! Economic Activity for MOST of SOUTH ASIA is…
*SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE*
Rice,Wheat,Corn

11. The Green Revolution Increased yields of food production
India is able to feed itself
Advanced agricultural technology
Applies to DEVELOPING countries

12. TEA, RUBBER, COCONUTS (Sri Lanka) PLANTATION AGRICULTURE

13. Agricultural Terracing

14. History of SOUTH ASIA: INVASIONS Aryans – spread Hinduism
Mughals – Mongolia
British – colonized; *1947*

15. TAJ MAHAL Built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
National Symbol of India

16. LEADERS IN INDIA Nehru & Gandhi
Nehru & Gandhi

17. Mohatma Gandhi

18. Economic growth in India
Most of recent Indian economic growth has been in the sector of high technology.
They are also considered a nonaligned nation.

19. For thousands of years geography has made South Asia a crossroads.
Trade routes brought merchants and missionaries

21. Two major world religions began in South Asia:
Hinduism
Buddhism

22. 2500-1500 B. C. E Indus Valley. Civilization started from
B.C.E Indus Valley Civilization started from immigrants from Iran
They built cities such as Majenjo-Daro which was highly advanced.

23. Roots of Hinduism 1500 B.C.E Aryans invaded from central Asia
The Aryans drove out the Dravidians
The Aryans brought with them the idea of a caste system.

24. Caste system is a rigid class system
Caste system is a rigid class system. A person cannot move between castes or classes.
Hindus believe in reincarnation
Cows are sacred.
Sacred writing of the Hindus are the Vedas

25. The Caste System

26. The Brahma Cow

27. Vishnu

28. Shiva

29. dharma- every person’s moral duty
karma- good is rewarded: bad is punished
reincarnation- every person is reborn until they are released from the cycle of rebirth.

30. The Ganges River is sacred to the Hindus.
Highly polluted
Bathe in the river to purify themselves

31. Buddhism founded about the same time as Hinduism.
Founder Siddhartha Gautama
Leader today is the Dali Lama
Buddhist believe in reincarnation.
People reach the state of Nirvana

32. Buddha

33. Since the mid 1700’s Britain controlled India
Britain took away a thriving textile industry and exported the raw cotton to mills in England

34. Britain expected the Indians to purchase their ready made textile products.
Many Indian textile workers lost their jobs.

35. During the late 1800’s Indians developed a strong sense of nationalism.
Many Indians were educated in Europe.

36. One of those people was Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi.
He led non violent resistance to England.
Indians boycotted British Cloth.

37. 1946 England agreed to give India its independence if they could agree on a government.

38. The conflict in India was between the Muslims and the Hindus

39. The only solution was to partition or divide India into Pakistan and India.
The Hindus occupied India and the Muslims occupied Pakistan

41. Later conflicts developed between East and West Pakistan and the country of Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) was created in 1971

42. Within the past year, Pakistan and India have tested nuclear weapons.
They are in conflict of a portion India known as Kashmir.

46. Cultural Characteristics
Silks
Batik
Wood and Ivory Carvings
Ideograms, unique alphabets
Jewels

47. Cultural Landscape Taj Mahal Floating Markets Mosques, Minarets
Temples and Shrines
Terraced Rice Fields

51. Batik

55. Ivory and wood carvings

60. Ideograms

61. Jewels

67. Floating Markets

70. Hindu Temple in New Delhi