1. Martha Reynolds (case #6)
Tara, Sam, Amie

2. Case Study 6: A 60-year-old woman comes in for her annual physical
Case Study 6: A 60-year-old woman comes in for her annual physical. Even though she usually has a lot of energy, she has been unusually tired for the past few weeks. She occasionally feels dizzy and she is finding it harder to sleep through the night. Her ankles and feet are swollen and her face looks a bit puffy. She frequently feels a burning pain in her lower back, just below the rib cage. She has noticed that her urine is darker in color lately. Preliminary workup shows she has elevated blood pressure. Some red blood cells are present in her urine.

3. Symptoms of Martha Dizzy Fluid retention Face puffy
Cloudy and foul-smelling urine
Burning in the lower back
Tired
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Decreased output of urination

4. Possible Diagnoses Acute Kidney Failure Symptoms
Decreased urination output
Fluid retention
Shortness of breath
Drowsiness
Nausea
Seizures
Fatigue
Chest pain

5. Possible Diagnoses Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) Symptoms
Back pain
Fever feeling sick
Confusion
Blood in urine
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Pain while urinating

6. Possible Diagnoses Chronic Kidney Failure Symptoms Nausea
Loss of appetite
Fatigue and weakness
Sleep problems
Changes in output of urine
Swelling of feet and ankles
Shortness of breath

7. Tests
The first step in ruling out possible diagnoses is by starting with a urine sample. With this test we are looking for abnormalities.
There were not traces of bacteria in the urine. Therefore, kidney infection can be ruled out.
The next test we would do is a urine output measurement. With this test we are looking for the amount of urine you put out in a day.
This ensures that the diagnoses will be either Chronic or Acute kidney failure, and once again rules out kidney infection.

8. Test cont.
To distinguish between chronic and acute kidney failure we looked at previous blood test results. We were looking for creatinine and B.U.N. Her levels are high, which indicates Martha has Chronic Kidney Failure.
This rules out acute kidney failure due to the values being lower.

9. Other Body Systems Relates directly to the urinary system
Cardiovascular System
Skeletal system
Indirectly to the digestive system

10. Treatments
The doctors may put them on high blood pressure medicine. Reduces protein in the urine.
The goal of treatment is to prevent or slow further damage.
Life a healthy life style. Follow a healthy diet that is good for your kidneys.