1. What movement of people is the image on the right showing?
11/9 Focus:
In the 1870’s, Belgium established a presence in the Congo River Basin which result in a scramble by other European powers to claim land in much of Africa.
Important Terms:
Berlin Conference
Do Now:
What movement of people is the image on the right showing?

2. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa

3. What is the difference between the African coastline and the coastline of Britain?

4. Africa Before Imperialism
Industrialization had not occurred in Africa
Regular coastline made it difficult for African nations to compete in world trade

5. Africa Before Imperialism
Lack of Unity in Africa
Africa was divided into hundreds of ethnic groups
1,000 different languages spoken
Ranged from large empires to independent towns
Large trade networks existed in Africa

6. Africa Before Imperialism
Slave Trade had attracted Europeans to West Africa in the 1500’s-1600’s
By the late 1800’s, must European countries and United States had end slavery

7. Africa Before Imperialism
Geographic barriers had limited European colonization of Africa
Inland travel was difficult
Sahara Desert
Highlands,
steep cliffs
Europeans could not navigate rivers
Many waterfalls and rapids
Presence of diseases such as Malaria

8. Tools of European Imperialismin Africa Quinine
Drug that was developed to protect against Malaria
Steamships
Allowed Europeans to travel up rivers
Superior Military technology
Small European forces could defeat much larger numbers of Africans
Improved Communications
Maintain close contact between colony and controlling nation

9. European Interest in Africa
Missionaries and anti-slavery groups traveled into interior Africa
Dr. David Livingstone traveled to the Congo
Disappeared for several years
Newspaper reporter Henry Stanley sent to find him
Story increased interest in Africa

10. European Interest in Africa
King Leopold II of Belgium negotiated with tribal leaders to gain control of land in the Congo in 1872
Rich supplies of rubber and other natural resources
Belgian companies abused and forced local people to collect rubber

11. Points of Discussion What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
What was the impact of the Berlin Conference on Africa?

12. 11/10 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now: Scramble, Atrocities
After the Berlin Conference, European countries rushed to colonize Africa.
As they divided up Africa, they paid little attention to traditional tribal boundaries
Important Terms:
Scramble, Atrocities
Do Now:
Identify two primary factors that motivated European interest in Africa?

13. European Interest in Africa
Belgian presence in Congo increased interest of other European nations
Attracted by large supply of natural resources
diamonds, gold, oil, copper, tin, rubber

14. The Berlin Conference
Meeting held in 1884 to divide up Africa among the European powers
Did not consider impact on Africans
African leaders not included in the conference
Placed most of Africa under European control

16. The Berlin Conference
Meeting held in 1884 to divide up Africa among the European powers
Did not consider impact on Africans
African leaders not included in the conference
Placed most of Africa under European control

18. The Berlin Conference
Failed to consider traditional African ethnic boundaries

19. Divides Africa between European Powers
African nations eventually gain independence in 2nd half of 20th century
Divides Africa between European Powers
Berlin Conference
Conflicts and Civil Wars
Ignores traditional African ethnic boundaries

20. Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
Direct Control
Local government officials used
Limited self-rule
Government institutions are based on European styles but may have some local rules
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Government institutions are based only on European styles

21. Points of Discussion
What was one long lasting effect of the Berlin Conference?
What impact did European imperialism in Africa have on Africans?

22. 11/12 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now: Annex, Boer War
Some Africans, such as the Zulu, attempted to resist the European attempts to exert control over lands in Africa
Ultimately, most of these attempts failed because of advanced weaponry.
Important Terms:
Annex, Boer War
Do Now:
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

23. Divides Africa between European Powers
African nations eventually gain independence in 2nd half of 20th century
Divides Africa between European Powers
Berlin Conference
Conflicts and Civil Wars
Ignores traditional African ethnic boundaries

25. British Interests in Africa
Suez Canal
Egypt built a canal connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea
Reduced time to travel from Europe to the Indian Ocean
Egyptian government was unstable
Britain made Egypt a protectorate to protect their interests in the canal

26. British Interests in Africa
Cecil Rhodes
Supporter of British imperialism in Africa
Started the DeBeers Diamond company
Used money and influence to help Britain colonize Africa
Rhodesia
Today known as Zimbabwe and Zambia

28. African Resistance
Shaka Zulu created the Zulu nation in Southern Africa
resisted attempts by Europeans to colonize southern Africa
The Boers
Dutch farmers in southern Africa
The British
British defeated Zulu resistance with superior military technology (1879)

29. African Resistance Most attempts to resist European imperialism failed
Exceptions:
Ethiopians defeated Italians & stayed independent

30. The Boer War
War fought between Boers (Dutch farmers) and British in Southern Africa
British won war
Established the Union of South Africa

31. Points of Discussion
What impact did European imperialism in Africa have on Africans?
Why were attempts by Africans to resist European imperialism unsuccessful?