1. Studying geology, economics and citizenship
Chapter 2

2. Section 1: Displaying the Earth’s Surface
A globe shows the sizes of continents and the shapes of landmasses and bodies of water.
Globes have limitations is not as easy to carry as a map.
Maps can show smaller areas in great detail (such as political borders, population densities, or even voting results)
But they cannot show true size, shape, distance and direction at the same time.
Globes and maps have features in common: Both marked with imaginary lines that geographers use to locate places on Earth’s surface.
This lines are called HEMISPHERES.

3. hemispheres
Equator- circles the middle of the Earth like a belt. Divides the Earth into parts called Hemispheres.
Everything to the north is called the Northern Hemisphere / South is called Southern Hemisphere.
Another imaginary line divides the Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres- this line is called the Prime Meridian

5. How can we find Places on the Earth?
The Equator and the Prime Meridian are two of the lines on maps and globes that help you find places on the Earth.
All these lines together are called latitude and longitude.
Latitude – circle the Earth parallel to the Equator (North-South Ex. Equator is at 0 degree while the North Pole is at 90 degrees North).
Longitude- circle the Earth from Pole to Pole (East-West)

6. Five Themes of geography
1. Location
2. Place
3. Human-environment interaction
4. Movement
5 Regions

7. Essential elements of geography
1. The World in spatial terms
2. Places and Regions
3. Physical Systems
4. Human Systems
5. Environment and society
6. Uses of Geography