1. Tool Monitoring
Sajjad Ahmadpoor
Amirkabir University of Technology

2. Tool wear describes the gradual failure of cutting tools due to regular operation. It is a term often associated with tipped tools, tool bits, or drill bits that are used with machine tools. crater wear in which contact with chips erodes the rake face.

4. Tool Monitoring Methods
Didect: In the direct method the tool directly measured
And to directly monitor and so wear directly measured
Which are divided into some methods…
Tool Monitoring Methods
Indirect: the indirect method of measuring parameters, some parameters that connected with wear rate such as temperature, cutting forces, vibration and ultrasonic waves are measured. in this case, some factors are depend on machining process such as temperature, strain, acoustics, vibrations and cutting forces. and some other factors back to the motors. the wear is monitored with their changes.

5. Probing systems for CNC machine tools:
Inspection probes for machining centers
are typically located in a tool carousel and
are interchanged like conventional tools.
On lathes, the probe is typically a semi-permanent feature of a rotating turret.
In both case, signaling between probe
and CNC generally has to be remote.
For tool setting applications, typically the
probe is mounted in a fixed location, thereby
allowing direct communication between probe and CNC.
Optical
probes use four
main types of
transmission systems:
Radio
Inductive
Direct or
‘hard-wired’

6. Optical transmission systems:
· Optical machine module (OMM)
· Machine interface unit (MI12)
· Optical machine interface (OMI)
· Optical machine interface (OMI-2/OMI-2C)
An optical transmission system uses infra-red technology for communicating between the probe and the CNC controller.
OMM
OMI

7. Radio transmission systems:
A radio transmission system provides
long range (up to 15 m path length) of communication between the probe and the machine’s controller. The system hops between channels, within the designated frequency band. The use of unique identifiers
allow multiple radio systems to operate in close proximity.
· Machine interface (RMI)

8. Inductive transmission systems :
Inductive transmission works by passing
power and probe signals across a small
air gap between two induction modules.
Typically, a probe fitted with an inductive
transmission system comprises the following:
· Probe and inductive probe module (IMP)
· Machine module (IMM)
· Machine interface unit (MI5)

9. Hard-wired transmission systems :
A hard-wired probe system has the simplest form of transmission system and typically, comprises the following elements:
· Signal cable
· Machine interface unit (MI8)

10. Applications: CNC machining centre and milling machine inspection
CNC machining centre tool setting and breakage detection
CNC lathe and grinder inspection
CNC lathe tool setting

11. Lathe Tool presetting:
the quicksetter automatically sets the values of the work coordinate and the tool offset registers
quicksetters can also measure the size of tools before cutting starts
check for tool wear, damage or breakage during the machining operation

12. Lathe Tool presetting:

13. Touch Probes for Tool Measurement:
Together with the measuring cycles of the
CNC control, the tool touch probes enable
to measure tools automatically
while they are in the machine spindle.
The control saves the values measured for
tool length and radius in the central tool
file. By inspecting the tool during machining
you can quickly and directly measure
wear or breakage to prevent scrap or rework.
If the measured deviations lie outside
the tolerances, or if the monitored life
of the tool is exceeded, the control can lock
the tool or automatically insert a replacement
tool.

14. Measuring tool length and radius
with stationary or rotating spindle

15. Laser Systems for Tool Measurement:
Tool monitoring with a laser system is a very flexible solution. The contact-free optical measurement enables you to check even the smallest tools rapidly, reliably and without collision. Even the most sensitive tools are completely secure from damage.