1. History & Culture of Computing
CS 121 Overview

2. History & Culture of Computing With all the good stuff left out
History & Culture of Computing With all the good stuff left out! You (the class) will fill in the interesting details!

3. The Big Picture Development of Thinking Machines Names in CS
Software Development Careers
Preparation
What’s Next?

4. Hardware: Early Automation
Special-purpose machines
Antikythera Mechanism (100 BC)
Jacquard Loom (1801)…punched cards
Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine (1890)…cards
Turing’s Bombé (WWII)

5. Hardware: Early Automation
General—purpose “calculators”
Pascaline (1642)
Babbage’s Difference Engine (ca. 1820)
Punched cards…again

6. Hardware: Programmable Machines
Babbage’s Analytic Engine (ca. 1830)
Konrad Zuse, Z3 (1941)
Perforated strips of film
Binary encoding

7. Hardware: Programmable Machines
Electromechanical machines (30’s, 40’s)
Mark I is an example
Slow
Electronic/digital machines (40’s to present)
ENIAC is an example

8. Breakthroughs Mechanical devices are slow Speed of electronic devices
More distance means slower work
TubestransistorsIntegrated Circuits Microprocessors

9. Breakthroughs Ideas Turing: Computability Theory
Von Neumann: Shared memory
Zuse: High-level language

10. Breakthroughs Storage Cards & paper tape Magnetic drums, magnetic tape
Hard disks, diskettes
CD-ROM, DVD-ROM
Flash memory

11. Breakthroughs Trend has been faster, smaller, and cheaper
…and MORE more processors, more memory

12. Programming Processor responds to binary instructions
Machine language is difficult to write
High-level languages
More like natural language
Translated by a program into binary

13. Programming Zuse designed a high-level language
None were actually built until 50’s
Early: ForTran, ALGOL, COBOL
Newer: C, Pascal, java, and dozens more

14. Personal Computing Intel 4004 microprocessor (1971)
Altair 8800, 1975, first “home computer”
1977: Apple II and Radio Shack TRS-80
1981: IBM PC (late to the game!)
1984: Apple Macintosh…GUI OS, mouse

15. Birth of Microsoft Altair and machine language
Bill Gates & Paul Allen provide BASIC
Later, PC-DOS & MS-DOS.

16. Networking Cold war, Science Lethargy, & Sputnik (50’s)
ARPA, ARPANet, NSFNet (60’s)
TCP/IP, Packet-switching (Sharla Boehm)
1980’s: Dial-up services (Compuserve, AOL)
HTTP && World-wide web (early 1990’s)

17. Malware Downside of Connectivity Viruses (embed in other programs)
Worms (self-replicating)
Trojan Horse

18. Security Threats Denial of Service…using your computer
Phishing…to gain access
Ransomware

19. Geek Culture Historically overlooked accomplishments of women
Internalizes oddball humor (GNU, Python)
Embraces science fiction

20. Where Next? Who knows? We find new things to automate every day.
Smart phones, Self-driving cars, the “Internet of Things”
Open minds & quick learning are needed!