1. Civil Rights
LG: I will explain the concept of equality and assess the rights of citizens by comparing and contrasting the efforts of various groups to obtain equal protection of the law.

2. I. Equality & Equal Rights
A. Equality of opportunity regardless of race, ethnic origin, religion, and sex

3. II. Citizenship 14th amendment states “all persons born…”
Naturalization: granting citizenship to aliens

4. 15.1 Table 15.1: Requirements for naturalization
Here we can see a full list of requirements. In addition to the residency requirements we just mentioned, some less tangible requirements focus on character.

5. III. Equal Justice Racial Equality
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857: “persons of African descent cannot be nor were ever intended to be, citizens”
Civil War Amendments: 13, 14, & 15
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896: “separate but equal” doctrine is constitutional leads to Jim Crow laws
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954: “separate but equal doctrine” is unconstitutional
Civil Rights Act of 1964: forbids discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or nationality

6. Brown v. Board of Education
15.6
Brown v. Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall (center), George C. E. Hayes (left), and James Nabrit Jr. (right) argued and won Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka before the Supreme Court in

7. IV. Women’s Rights First Feminist wave Second Feminist wave
1. Struggle for suffrage= 19th Amendment, 1920
Second Feminist wave
Civil Rights Act 1964: prohibits employment discrimination based on sex
Title IX Education Act of 1972: prohibited gender discrimination of education programs (athletics)

8. FIGURE 15.1: Percentage of Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded, by Sex
15.2
FIGURE 15.1: Percentage of Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded, by Sex
What factors might affect the variation in men’s college attendance from the 1920s through the 1950s? 8