1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes of the Reformation
100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church

3. What was the Protestant Reformation?
Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

4. What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

5. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC

6. Erasmus
Leading the good life was more important than performing religious rituals
Wanted to REFORM the Church, not break with it, others want to go further

7. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

8. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

9. Martin Luther
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

10. “The righteous shall by his faith.”
ROMANS 1:17
“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

11. Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

12. Luther's 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

13. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

14. Luther on Trial 1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
The Diet of Worms
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

15. Pope Leo X (Medici)
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

16. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

17. Acceptance of Reforms
Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

18. Peasant Revolt
Peasants living in Germany supported Luther and his ideas.
In a brutal uprising, peasants in Germany revolted against the German princes.
Peasants believed that reformers would support the peasants revolt against the German princes.

19. Peasant Revolt Catholics and Protestants Fight
Luther and other reformers support the German princes.
Catholics and Protestants Fight
Results in the Peace of Augsburg
Each German prince could choose religion of their state
Subjects would need to follow their choice

20. John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

21. John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

22. Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

23. Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

24. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church

25. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots

26. Reformation in France
French Huguenots, many of which were nobles, threatened the Catholic Monarchy
During the French Wars of Religion, ( ) Huguenots were persecuted
Henry of Navarre ascends to the throne

27. Reformation in France
Henry is a Huguenot – he converts (changes) to Catholic and signs the Edict of Nantes in 1598
Edict of Nantes
Ends war
Recognizes Catholicism as official religion of France
Gives Huguenots right to worship and legal rights

28. English Reformation
King Henry VIII wants a annulment from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon
No male heir to the throne
After years of arguing, Henry declares himself Head of the Church of England (Anglican Church) by the Act of Supremacy

29. Catholic Reformation
In response to the Protestant Reformation the Catholic Church took steps to reform from within.
This is known as the Catholic [REFORM]ation

30. 3 Pillars The Jesuits Took a special vow of obedience to the pope
Successful in restoring Catholicism to parts of Germany and Europe
Council of Trent
Met on and off for 18 years in Austria
Reaffirmed a clear body Roman Catholic Doctrine
Condemned the sale of indulgence
Reform of the Papacy
Pope Paul III called the Reform Commission in 1537
Recognized the Jesuits
Began Council of Trent