1. Immunity and Blood Groups

2. Types of immunity

4. Organic substances/foreign toxins Molecular weight 6000 Dalton
Antigen
Organic substances/foreign toxins
Molecular weight 6000 Dalton
Formed from-proteins, polysaccharide, sugar, lipids, nucleic acids
Stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies
Active area-antigenic determinants/epitope
valency-No. of epitopes

6. Antibody structure

7. Antibody Immunoglobin Ig- specific gamma-globulin protein.
Paratope-part of antibody which reacts with antigens.
Y-shaped-4 polypeptides- 2H & 2L
HL dimer
2 homogeneous hemisphere-disulphide bond
Heavy chain-440 amino acids
Light chain- 220 amino acids
Carbohydrate region- heavy chain
Variable region Fab- NH2
Constant region Fc- COOH
Hinge region

9. Types of antibodies
Delta-δ
mu -μ
Alpha - α
gamma -ϒ
Epsilon-ϵ

10. Type of antibodies Location Function
IgM
B-LYMPHOCYTES
Largest
10%
Primary antibody response
IgA
In colustrum
Protects respiratory organ and alimentary canal
IgG
Placenta
Natural passive immunity to foetus and newborn
IgE
Basophils and mast cells
Mediator in allergic responses
IgD
Surface of B-lymphocytes
Activates B-cells to secrete antibodies

11. Blood groups
ABO
ICH

12. ABO Blood grouping genotype and phenotype

13. Rh Factor Rh.D 85% Protein – 417 amino acids Macaca Rhesus
85% Positive
Agglutination-bilirubin
Erythroblastosis foetalis
RhoGAM
Rh.D
85%
Rh.E
30%
Rh.e
78%
Rh.C
80%
Rh.c

14. Blood Transfusion Injuries Deficiency Surgeries LPC Hemophilia
Sickle cell anemia