1. 3.7 Deciduous woodland ecosystems provide a range of goods and services some of which are under threat
What do I need to know? a. Examples of goods and services provided by deciduous woodland ecosystems (timber, fuel, conservation and recreation). b. How climate change presents a threats to both the structure, function and biodiversity of the deciduous woodland ecosystem. c. Economic and social causes of deforestation (urbanisation and population growth, timber extraction and agricultural change). d. Different approaches to the sustainable use and management of deciduous woodlands in a named region

2. THE MAJORITY OF THE UK IS MADE UP OF THE Deciduous BIOME
The latitude influences our temperate climate which influences our weather and therefore the plant growth which impacts on the biodiversity.

3. What is the UK biome like?
Temperate deciduous woodland

4. Geographical Skills
Describe the climate of the deciduous forest. (4 marks)
Compare the climate of the deciduous forest with the tropical rainforest. (4 marks)

5. Why?
Future changes in temperature and precipitation could mean grassland replaces woodland as our main vegetation.

6. Distribution of Biomes: Revision

7. Temperature rise Impact on species Impact on environment
What would the effect on planet earth be if the global temperature increased by just 3⁰C?
Temperature rise
Impact on species
Impact on environment
1⁰C
10% of land species facing extinction
Disappearance of glaciers and mountain ecosystems leads to loss of alpine plants
2⁰C
15 – 40% of land species facing extinction
Oceans become more acidic as more freshwater is added. Bleaching of coral reefs.
3⁰C
20 – 50% of land species facing extinction.
Sea level rises causing flooding of mangroves.
Drought in the Amazon kills the rainforest.

8. The average temperature over the last 3 decades has increased
The average temperature over the last 3 decades has increased. Try and explain why.

9. Fluctuates but increases.
What do you notice about the general temperature of the UK over the past 100 years?

10. 2006 UK heat wave

11. Patterns of Heatwaves in the UK
Unusual and severe heat waves have already affected the UK.
Notable ones in the past 40 years: 1976, 1983, 1989, 1995, 2003, 2006.
There have also been fewer frosts and winter cold spells compared to the 1960s.
This will result in trees becoming ‘stressed’ – water supplies will decrease meaning the growth of trees will slow.

12. Europe has lost 20% of bird population since 1980
If temperatures increase by between 2⁰C and 4⁰C then there will be major changes in the distribution of forests and other plant communities. This will mean wildlife will be affected. Particularly birds:
Europe has lost 20% of bird population since 1980
21%
21%
70%
82%
60%
Yellow wagtail
Garden Warbler
Turtle dove
Willow warbler

13. Explain how global warming can reduce the bird numbers in the UK.
…means the UK experiences more heat waves and fewer cold winters.
Increased temperature caused by global warming…
Trees receive less rainfall and become stressed. Woodland decreases…
Explain how global warming can reduce the bird numbers in the UK.
…with less trees and warmer temperatures, birds lose their habitat and cannot adapt to the conditions.
Bird numbers decline rapidly.

14. UK forest: Overuse…
The UK was once covered with deciduous forest. Over use has meant that very little is now left.
After 1750, farmland replaced natural forest and cities began to grow.
Timber was also needed to build houses and ships and to prop up mine shafts.
By 1919 only 5% of England’s natural forests remained.
Task: Make notes on the 4 reasons for woodland destruction, using p112 of the text book.

15. Case study: Windsor forest
Windsor forest is one small sustainably managed area of ancient woodland that has survived centuries of change in the UK.
Once protected as a medieval Royal hunting forest.
The forest has 900 oak and beech trees over 500 years old.
It has more than 2000 species of invertebrate and 1000 species of fungus.
The Government agency Natural
England now manages Windsor as
a ‘post industrial forest’ meaning
that it is used for recreation rather
than timber production.
Facts about Windsor Forest
Goods and services provided by Windsor Forest

16. Local case study: Caledonian forest, Scotland
What has happened to the forest?
Why is the forest important?
How is the forest being managed?
Read over the information sheet and categorise the information to answer the 3 questions.

17. What is being done to protect the forest?
Scotland's leading conservation volunteering charity. Their vision is to restore the ancient Caledonian Forest to the Scottish Highlands.
Rewilding
The large-scale restoration of damaged natural ecosystems by reintroducing wild animals previously made extinct from the area.
Removing non-native species
The removal of non-native trees, which in some areas have been planted as a commercial crop amongst the old trees of the Caledonian Forest.
Planting native trees
Planting trees in barren areas where the forest has disappeared. To do this, we collect seed from the nearest surviving trees.
Natural regeneration of native trees.
Fencing deer out of areas to allow seeds to grow fully into mature trees without being over-grazed.

18. Now let’s have a go at some exam questions.

19. Describe the importance of forests on human life.(6 marks)
Have a look at this question and plan with your learning partner how to write a good extended answer….

20. Point Evidence Explain
Forests are an important biome in human life. They provide both goods and services that we can use. The goods that humans use are timber and wood from the trees such as pine from soft woods in the Taiga or mahogany from hard woods in the rainforest. This is used to make furniture and historically to make ships or buildings, important resources for humans. The services that forests provide include regulating the atmosphere. Trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air that we breathe and release oxygen through. As humans continue to burn more fossil fuels – particularly in the USA, China and India – this releases more and more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Forests will play a crucial role in regulating the composition of the atmosphere.
Point
What point are you making?
What examples can you give to support your point? This is to show that you are not making up information!
Evidence
Explain
What explanation can you give to show how much you understand? Use ‘this means’, ‘this shows’ ‘this is because’

21. RAG rate your understanding