1. Americans Struggle With Postwar Issues
Chapter 20 Section 1
Objective 8.03 (continued)

2. Objective 8.03
Assess the political, economic, social, and cultural effects of the war on the United States and other nations.

3. Postwar Trends
Nativism
Isolationism

4. Nativism
Prejudice against foreign-born people.

5. Isolationism
A policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs.

6. Fear of Communism
Communism – an economic and political system based on a single-party ruled by a dictatorship.

7. The Red Scare
Panic in the United States that “Reds” would abolish capitalism everywhere
Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow gov’t in Russia in 1919.

9. Palmer Raids
A. Mitchell Palmer (US Attorney General) and J. Edgar Hoover hunt down communists, socialists, and anarchists
Trample civil rights (civil liberties), deport many foreign radicals without trials

12. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) - Wobblies

13. Sacco and Vanzetti
2 Italian immigrants and anarchists arrested and charged with murder in Mass. in 1920.

15. “The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti” by Ben Shahn

17. Sacco and Vanzetti (continued)
Provided alibis, but sentenced to death
Protests throughout U.S. and much of world.

19. Limited Immigration
Need for unskilled labor decreases after World War I.

20. Klan rises again – KKK membership reached 4
Klan rises again – KKK membership reached 4.5 million by 1924 (white male, native-born gentile citizens)
Anti-immigrant, anti-communist, anti-Semitic, anti-African-American, anti-Catholic

22. “Birth of a Nation”
1915 – D.W. Griffith

26. Quota System # of immigrants grew 600% from 1919 to 1921
Emergency Quota Act of 1921 set up a quota system – established max. # of people who could enter the U.S. from each foreign country

27. Quota System (continued)
Amended in 1924, law discriminated against eastern and southern Europeans and Japanese (chart p. 622)
DID NOT APPLY TO WESTERN HEMISPHERE

28. Labor Unrest Boston Police Strike
Mass. Gov. Calvin Coolidge called out Nat’l. Guard – Coolidge gains popularity

29. Coal Miner’s Strike
John L. Lewis led United Mine Workers of America to a wage increase despite arbitration by W. Wilson
Lewis became a nat’l hero

30. Labor Movement Loses Appeal
Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions
Immigrants speak many diff. languages (hard to organize)
Farmers moving to city used to relying on themselves
Most unions excluded Af.-Americans.

31. Schenck v. United States (1919)
1919 Supreme Court decision upholding the Espionage Act of 1917.
Limited free speech based on “clear and present danger” precedent.

32. Charles Schenck
Socialist who circulated a flyer to recently drafted men
Said that the draft violated 13th amendment (“involuntary servitude)
Encouraged peaceful action/ protest
Charged w/ conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act of 1917
Spent 6 months in jail

33. Washington Naval Conference
US effort to reduce warships existing within the US, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Italy.

34. Dawes Plan
Plan to settle the WWI European reparation problem – US loans money to help the underlying problems