1. Armenia and Armenians under Ottoman Dominion
Lecture By:
Garabet K Moumdjian

2. Ottoman Empire Under Suleyman The Magnificent

3. Ottoman Empire in 1683

4. Armenians brought to Constantinople
Yoakim (Hovagim) brought from Bursa and the Formation of the Armenian Patriarchate in Constantinople
Fatih and the Armenians
The “Millet System

5. The Millet System
Muslims
Christians
Jews
Other

6. Millet System Muslims Turks Kurds [???] Arabs (other stratifications)
Christians
Armenians
Assyrians
Other
Jews

7. Millet System “Armenians” Gregorian Catholics
Evangelical (Protestants)
What was the reason for this stratification?

8. Armenian Millet and Evangelism or Missionary Movements
Turks and Muslims can’t change their faith
Therefore missionaries had to work on Christians and especially Armenians in the Ottoman Empire

9. The Esnaf System Another stratification of Armenians within the Empire
“Unions” [Esnafs, Hamkyars] divided according to trade and profession

10. Armenian Internal Reorganization of 1863
The Church Constitution ( )
The Amira Class
The Sarrafs
The Timar System
The Bankers
The Intellectuals

11. The Constitution and its Aftermath
Changes within the Armenian Community
Educational Institutions Flourish
The Armenian Provinces comes to the forefront (educational institutions, etc.)
Issues Regarding Armenians living in the Provinces

12. Self Defense and the Idea of Autonomy or Self Rule
Kurdish Marauders
Inefficient central government
Heavy Taxation
Kinds of Taxes

13. National Awakening The “Sev Khatch” [Black Cross] Movement in Van
The “Bashdban Hayreniats” [Defenders of the Motherland] in Erzurum
The first reactions: Highwaymen, Arapo, etc…

14. Revolutionary Movement
Russia getting Lands from Persian and Ottoman Empire from 1828 to 1878
The 4 Armenian Khanates:
1-Erevan, 2-Nakhichevan, 3-Ganja (Elisavetpol), and 4-Karabagh
Population Exchanges (especially after the war)
Eastern Armenians are now involved in Western Armenian issue…

15. Russian Advances into “Armenian” Lands

16. Ottoman Tanzimat Period
Tanzimat: Reforms
Young Ottomans: Midhat Pasha
1st Constitution and parliament in 1876
Abdul Hamid becomes Sultan
Russo-Turkish War of changes in the “road map”
Abdul Hamid’s Anti-Armenian Policy starts

17. Demands for Autonomy
Russian advance into Ottoman Empire and the Treaty of San Stefano (1878)
Article 16
Treaty of Berlin [Berlin Conference] (1878)
Article 61
Internationalization of the “Armenian Case”

18. Revolutionary Movement (continued)
The Political parties:
Armenagan (1885)
Hnchakian (1887)
ARF ( )
Revolutionary activities

19. Revolutionary Movement (continued)
Massacres of
May Reform Project (1895)
Revolutionary acts:
Kum Kapu Demonstration (1890, Hnchaks)
Bank Ottoman Event (1906, Tashnaks)

20. The Young Turks
Relations and negotiations with Abdul Hamid (Through Foreign Minister Dadian Amira)
Relations with Young Turks
Federation and/or Confederation vs. centralization
1908 Revolution and the 2nd Constitutional Period ( )
Armenian-Young Turk (CUP) relations

21. The 2 Armenian “Vilayets” Project of 1912-1913

22. Ottoman Empire and CUP Enters WWI

23. Treaty of Sevres and “Wilsonian Armenia” Project

24. Treaty of Kars 1921

25. Treaty of Lausanne