1. A Closer Look at Conception
Human Development: Prenatal-Toddler

2. The Genetic Package
People inherit many physical traits from their parents.
Chromosomes: tiny threadlike structures in the nucleus of every cell.
Genes: units that determine a human’s inherited characteristics.
Genome: blueprint for the creation of a person.
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid.

3. Dominant and Recessive Genes
Dominate Gene: stronger gene.
Recessive Gene: weaker gene.

4. Making a Unique Person
Heredity explains why people in the same family often resemble each other.
Sex chromosomes come in two types, X and Y.
Woman’s ovary carries an X chromosome.
Man’s sperm cell carries either an X or a Y chromosome.

5. Multiple Births Two types of twins.
Identical – The cell begins to divide right away. As the cells continue to divide, the mass of cells may split in half, creating two separate cell masses. Each cell mass continues to divide and grow into a separate embryo.
Fraternal – form when two eggs are released from the ovaries at the same time and are fertilized by two different sperm.

6. Family Planning
Anytime a couple has sexual intercourse a conception may take place.
Abstinence: avoiding sexual activity.

7. Infertility
Infertility: the inability to become pregnant – in both men and women.
Male infertility is the major factor in about 40 percent of infertility cases, while about 40 are due to female infertility.
The rest have unknown causes or are linked to both partners.

8. Options for Infertile Couples
Adoption
A couple legally takes on all responsibilities and rights for raising, loving, and caring for a child in need of a permanent home.
Artificial Insemination
Doctor injects sperm into a woman’s uterus.
In Vitro Fertilization
With the help of a microscope, the doctor combines a mature ovum from the woman with sperm from her husband.
Ovum Transfer
The ovum is fertilized in a lab and placed in the mother’s uterus.
Surrogate Mother
Substitute mother – a women who becomes pregnant to have a baby for another woman.

9. Methods of Family Planning
Abstinence
Birth Control Pills
Cervical Cap
Condom 
Diaphragm
Hormonal Implants
Hormonal Injections
Hormonal Patch
Intrauterine Device (IUD) and Uterine Implant
Natural Family Planning
Spermicide
Vaginal Implant
Methods of Family Planning