1. Frog Anatomy & Physiology
        

2. Amphibian- lives part of its life in water and part on land, ex
Amphibian- lives part of its life in water and part on land, ex. Frogs Cold-blooded— internal body temperature changes with environment’s temperature

3. MEMBRANE—thin tissue that allows things to pass through it MESENTARY —thin, connective tissue that holds blood vessels to organs

4. EXTERIOR - outside
Nostrils-holes for breathing
Ear drum-hear
Eyes-see, two eyelids, one is clear for seeing underwater

5. Foreleg-balance
Hind leg-hop & swim
Webbed toes-swimming

6. Inside Mouth
Tongue – attached at front of mouth
--forked at tip
--sticky

7. Teeth – two in middle, tooth “ridges” along the outer edge of the mouth
Nostril-openings in roof of mouth

8. SKELETAL SYSTEM
Vertebrates-bones throughout body

9. Skeletal Organs
Bones-structure, protection, locomotion
Cartilage-cushions between bones

10. Skeletal Organs
Ligaments-attaches bone to bone (long)
Tendons-attaches muscles to bones (tense)

11. MUSCULAR SYSTEM Voluntary Muscles --
Provide movement by PULLING bones.
Striated muscles – pull bones (muscles never push)

12. MUSCULAR SYSTEM Operate the organs Involuntary Muscles --
Cardiac muscles- heart
Smooth muscles- organs

13. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Organs: HEART—three chambers, pumps blood around the body

14. ARTERIES—carry blood Away from the heart to the cells

15. CAPILLARIES—connect blood vessels to cells, exchange nutrients and oxygen for wastes and carbon dioxide with cells

16. VEINS—bring blood back to the heart

17. Artery Capillaries Vein
Body cells are all around the capillaries
Artery Capillaries Vein

18. SPLEEN—repairs or destroys damaged red blood cells
BLOOD—carries nutrients, oxygen, liquid wastes and carbon dioxide

19. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SKIN—absorbs oxygen while underwater
MOUTH & NOSTRILS —Breathe in oxygen on land

20. EYES —force the air into the lungs
TRACHEA—passes oxygen to lungs BRONCHIAL TUBES—passage ways into lungs

21. LUNGS—absorb oxygen into the blood stream, release carbon dioxide
ALVEOLI—air sacs in lungs

22. Remember: Respiration is using oxygen to release energy from nutrients
Remember: Respiration is using oxygen to release energy from nutrients. Every animal does this to survive.

23. NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAIN—receives, interprets and sends messages to the neurons.

24. SPINAL CORD —carries messages to and from the brain (inside the backbone)

25. SENSORY NEURONS – sense stimuli and send messages to the brain.

26. MOTOR NEURONS – responds to the environment.

27. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
TONGUE—sticky, forked at tip, attached at front of mouth
MOUTH—closes on prey (food)

28. TEETH—two in the roof of the mouth- cage the prey
—maxillary ridges around the outside of the mouth

29. ESOPHAGUS—moves food to stomach
STOMACH—breaks food up with grinding and acid

30. SMALL INTESTINE —finishes digesting and absorbs nutrients into blood stream

31. LARGE INTESTINE —absorbs water

32. CLOACA --eliminates solid wastes to outside

33. PANCREAS—puts digestive enzymes into the small intestine
ENZYMES—break up food into nutrients

34. LIVER—stores nutrients from digestion
—makes bile
BILE—chemically breaks down fat

35. GALL BLADDER—stores bile from liver
—puts bile into the small intestine to digest fat

36. FAT BODIES—store nutrients to help get through the winter.

37. Frog’s Diet (Food)
Frogs eat insects, minnows, earthworms, moles, mice and spiders. They are carnivores (meat eaters)

38. TERMS: Mechanical Digestion Breaking down food physically like chewing or stomach grinding.

39. Chemical Digestion Breaking down food with chemicals like saliva, bile, pancreatic fluids, stomach acid

40. Enzymes Chemicals used to break down food

41. Peristalsis-the action of muscles pushing food along the digestive tract

42. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
KIDNEY– filters out the liquid wastes from the blood stream
URETER– a tube that goes from the kidney to the urinary bladder

43. URINARY BLADDER– holds the liquid wastes until released
CLOACA– eliminates the liquid and solid wastes to outside the body

44. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Ovaries—make female sex cell (ova or eggs)
Oviduct-carries eggs from ovaries to cloaca

45. Testes— make male sex cell (sperm)
Cloaca—lets sperm and eggs out of the body

46. Sexual reproduction— Two frogs are needed for reproduction.
External fertilization: happens outside the frog in the water

47. Frog Life Cycle
eggs
tadpoles
tadpoles with legs
egg mass
young frog
frog
froglets

48. Metamorphosis
--a complete change in body as the animal develops.

49. Tadpole Frog
Tail No tail
Gills Skin, lungs
No legs Four legs

50. Dynamic Equilibrium
Constantly changing to
keep the body healthy

51. All animals do dynamic equilibrium and cellular respiration (using oxygen to release energy from nutrients).