1. Reviewing Unit 3 Concepts
Tonight’s homework: Study for Unit 3 Cold Read.

2. Tomorrow’s Cold Read will ONLY focus on the following terms:
claim
counterclaim (counterargument)
3 rhetorical devices
repetition, parallelism, analogy
appeals to pathos
fear, pity, vanity
appeals to ethos
transfer, testimonial
logos
bias
author’s 4 purposes for writing

3. Claim The claim is what the author is trying to prove.
Similar to CSQT format, the claim is often stated towards the beginning of the argumentative text.
The terms “claim” and “thesis” can be used interchangeably.

4. Counterclaim
If the claim is the author’s argument, then the counterclaim is the counterargument.
The following are signal phrases to help you identify the author’s counterclaim:
Some might argue…
Some critics may say…

5. Rhetorical Device
Techniques writers use to enhance their arguments and communicate more effectively.
There are MANY rhetorical devices; we have focused on three devices for Unit 3.

6. Repetition vs. Parallelism
Both serve the purpose of emphasizing the author’s message.

7. Analogy
An analogy is a comparison between two items that are alike in some way.
Writers use analogies to…
explain a complicated idea.
describe the appearance/function of an object.

8. Appeals to Ethos testimonial appeal transfer appeal
firsthand experience
celebrity status
transfer appeal
associate a positive image with a product

9. Appeals to Pathos pity = appeal to your sympathy
fear = appeal to your sense of security
vanity = appeal to your appearance

10. Bias
You will be asked to identify the author’s bias after reading an article.
We worked with these examples of bias yesterday:
loaded language
opinion stated as fact
overgeneralization
unbalanced argument

11. Author’s Purpose to inform/explain to express thoughts/feelings
to entertain
to persuade
REMEMBER: What is the difference between argument and persuasion?