1. AN INVESTIGATION INTO ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING AMONG VIETNAMESE ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY
Lai Cao Tri Nghia 01
GIA VIET ENGLISH CENTER

2. CONTENT RATIONALE LITERATURE REVIEW RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES 02

3. RATIONALE Latin Horse Vietnamese Italian Science French Football
Spanish
German
Greek
English
Horse
Science
Football
Lady
God
Cuisine
Music
Beer 03

4. RATIONALE “The Emperor Charles V is supposed to have remarked
in the 16th century that he spoke Latin with God,
Italian with musicians, Spanish with his troops,
German with lackeys, French with ladies and
English with his horse.” (Maxwell, 2012) 04

5. English as a Lingua Franca
RATIONALE
English as a Lingua Franca
Language Contact
Accommodation 05

6. CODE-SWITCHING & CODE-MIXING
“Bên công ty đó “còm plen” (complain), mình đã
“ex plen” (explain) cái giá “phích” (fix) rồi mà họ
vẫn kêu “ex pen” (expensive). “Cần trắc” (contract)
tiếp theo chắc hổng “sua” (sure) rồi”. (Mi & Luan, 2012)
Bây zờ wì sao, kák bạn c’ắk dã ken
dượk với káx nói n’ư vậy zồi fải xôq? 06

7. (c.1300, Latin or Old French, “codex” or “caudex”)
LITERATURE REVIEW
CODE
(c.1300, Latin or Old French, “codex” or “caudex”)
A mechanism by which types of behavior can be restricted or regulated into acceptable norms
A relatively neutral conceptualization of a linguistic variety
A system of signals or symbols for communication 07

8. CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING
LITERATURE REVIEW
CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING
“the selection by bilinguals or multilinguals of
forms from an embedded variety (or varieties)
in utterances of a matrix variety during the
same conversation” (Myers-Scotton, 1993) 08

9. LITERATURE REVIEW Myers-Scotton’s Markedness Theory
Matrix language vs. Embedded language
Inter-sentential and Intra-sentential code-switches
RO SET (Rights-and-Obligation Set) 09

10. LITERATURE REVIEW “Bên công ty đó “còm plen” (complain), mình đã
“ex plen” (explain) cái giá “phích” (fix) rồi mà họ
vẫn kêu “ex pen” (expensive). “Cần trắc” (contract)
tiếp theo chắc hổng “sua” (sure) rồi”. (Mi & Luan, 2012)
Matrix language: Vietnamese
Embedded language: English
Linguistic environment: non-bilateral
RO set: unmarked
Code-switching type: intra-sentential (unmarked choice) 10

11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research questions
1. What are the linguistic contexts as well as distinctive characteristics of Vietnamese-English code-switching and code-mixing among Vietnamese English-majored students at Can Tho University?
2. For what interactional purposes do Vietnamese English- majored students at Can Tho University switch and mix codes in their everyday life conversations? 11

12. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methods Semi-structured interview
Group discussion
Data collection
Data analysis
Transcription 12

13. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 | Frequency of Inter-Sentential And Intra-Sentential Code-Switches 13

14. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Avoiding faux pas and establishing good rapport
“Thường thì speaking với listening thì nếu
như mình xài Tiếng Việt thì có, nhưng nếu mình
nói ‘phần nghe’ của tao còn yếu thì hơi kỳ.” 14

15. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Reiteration for emphasis, reassurance or confirmation
NJ: Nếu như có thắc mắc về kiến thức thì hỏi,
còn về chương trình đào tạo hay mấy cái khác
(đăng ký học phần) thì đừng hỏi nhe!
B1: Thì don’t ask hả anh?
A1,C1,D1: ((staring at BB while having themselves in stitches)) 15

16. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Punning – Word play
“Ai biết à, tôi chỉ trả lời vậy thôi, chứ tôi chưa
từng có tie mà!” Bạn hiểu ý tôi nói hông?” 16

17. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Unspoken rule Reiteration Punning
1. Code-switching and Code-mixing did occur in a non-bilateral linguistic environment.
2. Intra-sentential code-switches were dominantly employed
and strategically exploited.
3. Interactional purposes for switching and/or mixing codes:
Unspoken rule
Reiteration
Punning 17

18. RECOMMENDATIONS Syntactic aspects of CS and CM Tag- or Extra-switching
Non-English-majored students’ CS and CM
Chinese-, or Korean-Vietnamese CS and CM
CS and CM for the purpose of euphemism and maintaining one’s self or identity
Code-switching: CS
Code-mixing: CM 18

19. REFERENCES
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hồ-Đắc, T. (2003). Vietnamese-English bilingualism: Patterns of code-switching. London, UK: Routledge Curzon.
Jenkins, J. (2007). English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Myers-Scotton, C. (1990). Codeswitching and borrowing: Interpersonal and macrolevel meaning. In R. Jacobson (Ed.), Codeswitching as a worldwide phenomenon (pp ). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Myers-Scotton, C. (1993) Common and uncommon ground: social and structural factors in codeswitching. E-Language in Society, 22(4), Retrieved from URL:
Phillipson, R. (2008). Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia. World Englishes, 27(2), 250–267. 19

20. “Our identity has been chosen for us; but it is up to us to accept it,
or fight and change it.”
Afnan Ahmad Mia 20