1. Immunity and Immunizations
Body’s ability to resist disease
-natural present at birth i.e. skin, tears
-acquired Two types of acquired immunity:
Naturally acquired: get the disease i.e. chicken pox
Artificially acquired: receive a vaccine
i.e. measles, mumps, rubella

2. Immunity and Immunizations
Body produces antibodies to foreign substances to protect itself
Vaccines: dead or “attenuated” (weakened) organism that stimulates the body to produce antibodies

3. Immunity and Immunizations
Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
“DPT”
Diptheria: causes a false mucous membrane in the throat,
-difficult to breathe, eat or drink
-fatal if not treated

4. Immunity and Immunizations
Pertussis or “Whooping Cough”
-gradual onset of flu like symptoms
-characterized by a cough that sounds like a whoop
-complications come from secondary infections

5. Immunity and Immunizations
Tetanus (lockjaw)
Enters the body through a puncture wound or baby’s umbilical cord
Tetanus is found in dirt and soil, rust etc.
Affects the central nervous system
Causes muscle spasms through out the body
Can be FATAL if not treated!
Vaccine is good for 10 years

6. Immunity and Immunizations
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
Measles: (Rubeola) viral, affects skin and respiratory systems
Complications include pneumonia and encephalitis
Mumps: viral, affects lymph glands, especially those under the ear and throat
Complications result in swelling and inflammation of the testicles causing sterility

7. Immunity and Immunizations
Measles Mumps

8. Immunity and Immunizations
Rubella (German Measles) viral
Complications are to the
unborn fetus exposed
to Rubella,
can cause brain damage

9. Immunity and Immunizations
Polio
Spread through air droplets entering the mouth
Complications include paralysis if untreated
Epidemic before a vaccine was created (1950’s)
IVP inactivated polio or dead polio virus
OVP oral dose of live, weakened virus, no longer recommended in the USA due to complications

10. Immunity and Immunizations
Iron Lung Ward

11. Immunity and Immunizations
Iron Lung

12. Immunity and Immunizations
FDR

13. Immunity and Immunizations
Haemophilus Influenza B
“HIB”
Very serious disease which results in meningitis if untreated
Recommended for college students due to crowded living conditions

14. Immunity and Immunizations
Hepatitis B (Hep. B)
Don’t confuse it with HIB
Viral, transmitted through blood and body fluids
All health care workers should receive the vaccine
Provides life time immunity

15. Immunity and Immunizations
Varicella “chicken pox”
Spread through air droplets
Now have a vaccine for varicella to hopefully prevent complications:
meningitis

16. Immunity and Immunizations
All school age children are required to be properly immunized
There are 2 exemptions to required immunizations:
1. medical: due to adverse reactions or contraindications for that child, this must be documented by a licensed physician and these documents must follow the permanent student record

17. Immunity and Immunizations
2. religious: documentation must be placed in the permanent record stating the religious objection to immunizations
Religion must be a “recognized” religion
Objections based on a “scientific belief” of personal belief is not considered a religious exemption