1. Carbohydrates

2. Which foods contain carbohydrates?

3. Carbohydrates Energy Source Why are carbohydrates important? CH2OH O

4. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches.
Glucose

5. Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Ratio of
1 : 2 : 1
C1 H2 O1
Glucose
C6H12O6

6. Carbohydrates Function: Quick energy Energy storage
Structure and Support

7. are the primary source of chemical energy for cells.
Carbohydrates
Function:
Quick energy ---
Simple carbohydrates (glucose)
are the primary source of chemical energy for cells.
glucose

8. Complex carbohydrates store energy
Function:
energy storage ---
Complex carbohydrates store energy
starch & glycogen
starch
glycogen

9. Carbohydrates Function:
Complex carbohydrates provide structure and support
--- cellulose & chitin

10. Carbohydrates can exist as: monosaccharides ---
Carbohydrates can exist as: monosaccharides composed of one monomer---one sugar disaccharides --- composed of two monomers (two monosaccharides)--- two sugars polysaccharides --- composed many monomers (many monosaccharides)---many sugars

11. SIMPLE SUGARS – name ends in ose Monosaccharides & Disaccharides

12. Monosaccharides …one sugar Many simple sugars: contain 5 or 6 carbon atoms arranged in a ring in a ratio of C1H2O1.
Ribose
C5H10O5
Glucose
C6H12O6
Fructose
C6H12O6
Galactose
C6H12O6

13. The most common monosaccharides are: …..simple sugar…..one sugar
Glucose - main source of energy for cells.
Fructose - the sugar in fruits
Galactose – sugar found in milk
Ribose- sugar in DNA and RNA
   

14. Glucose - C6H12O6 Fructose - C6H12O6

15. Disaccharides: composed of two monosaccharides --- two sugars
Sucrose (table sugar) –
composed of glucose and fructose.
Lactose (sugar in milk) –
composed of glucose and galactose.

16. Lactose (sugar in milk)
 Sucrose (table sugar)
fructose
Lactose (sugar in milk)
glucose
galactose
glucose

17. Polysaccharides --- complex carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides …many sugars

18. Polysaccharides --- Function: (1) Energy Reserves
sugar
Function:
(1) Energy Reserves
(2) Structure and Support

19. Polysaccharides - Energy Reserves
(1) Starch --- energy storage
in plant cells
composed of long chains
of glucose
(2) Glycogen --- energy storage
in the liver and muscles of animals
composed of long chains
of glucose

20. Polysaccharides --- Structure & Support
Cellulose --- the cell wall of plants
straight long chains of glucose molecules.
(2) Chitin ---- the cell wall of fungi;
the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans.