1. Learning Targets I can ID and explain the processes of the rock cycle.
I can trace the path of minerals through the rock cycle.
I can ID differentiate between the 3 types of rocks.
I can compare and contrast the 2 types of igneous rocks.
I can differentiate between the types of sedimentary rocks.
I can ID and differentiate between the types of metamorphic rocks.

2. Chapter 3 - Rocks What can be learned by studying rocks?
We can learn more about earth(history, resources, how it formed, etc.)
So what is a rock?
Rock = is a mixture of 1 or more minerals.

3. The Rock Cycle
Continuous model that shows how rocks can change from 1 type into another.
Interactions among water, air, land, and living things can cause rocks to change.
Two types of energy that drive the rock cycle:
1. SUN = external forces = weathering, etc. produce sedimentary rocks
2. MAGMA = internal forces = heat produces igneous and metamorphic rocks

4. and crystallization
and deposition
and deposition
and chemicals
Heat, pressure, and chemicals

5. Rock Cycle Driving Factors
Sun
- Drives the water cycle that produces weathering and erosion.
Heat from Earth’s Interior
Heat produces igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Gravitational Energy
- Gravity pulls everything down…rockslides, falling rain, tall mountains, etc.

6. Vocab. terms Magma – underground molten rock
Lava – above ground molten rock
Crystallization – formation of minerals from cooling magma/lava
Weathering – breaking rocks into smaller pieces called (sediments)

7. Erosion – transportation of sediments
Deposition – dropping off of sediments
Lithification – compacting and cementing of sediment (turn to rock)
Metamorphism – changing one type of rock into another (3 ways: heat/pressure/or chemicals)

8. Igneous Rocks (from fire)
2 main types
1. Intrusive
Cools and forms slowly (large crystals)
From magma
Underground
2. Extrusive
Cools and forms quickly (small crystals)
From lava
Above ground

9. Igneous Rocks Classification
2 ways to classify igneous rocks
1. Texture & 2. Composition
Texture (4 types)
1. Coarse grained – slow cooling, large crystals
2. Fine grained – fast cooling, small crystals
3. Glassy – super fast cooling, glassy
4. Porphyritic – slow and fast cooling, has both large and small crystals

10. Course-Grained Igneous Texture

11. Fine-Grained Igneous Texture

12. Obsidian Exhibits a Glassy Texture.

13. Porphyritic Igneous Texture

14. 4 Magma Groups (families)
1. Granitic (felsic) = continental
High in silica, light colored, low density
2. Basaltic (mafic) = oceanic
Low in silica, dark colored, high density
3. Andesitic (intermediate)

15. Sedimentary Rocks
Your teacher rocks!

16. Sedimentary Rocks From (Latin) sedimentum = settling
Made from sediments
4 agents of erosion (transportation)
Water (largest)
Wind (W W G G)
Glaciers
Gravity

17. Sedimentary Rock Classification
3 MAIN TYPES:
1. Clastic = form from sediment
2. Chemical = form from precipitation or evaporation
3. Biochemical (organic) = form from remains of once living organisms

18. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks categorized by size/shape
Conglomerate – rounded pebble sized
Breccia – angular pebble sized
Sandstone – sand sized
Siltstone– silt sized
Shale/mudstone – clay sized

19. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Crystalline limestone – precipitates from ocean water
Travertine – precipitates in caves
Chert/flint – quartz (more info)
Gypsum – precipitates from oceans, too
Rock salt – evaporated salt water

20. Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
Fossil limestone – fossils remains
Coquina – shells and shell fragments
Chalk – microscopic shells and clay
Bituminous coal – plant remains

21. Sedimentary Rock Features
Ripple Marks
Mudcracks
Bedding
Tilted Bedding
Cross-Bedding
Graded Bedding

22. Metamorphic Rocks Means to change form 2 types of metamorphism
1. Contact Metamorphism – small areas from magma
2. Regional Metamorphism – large areas from mountain building

23. 3 Agents of Metamorphism
Heat (temperature)
Pressure (stress)
Chemicals

24. Metamorphic Rock Types
Foliated – easily seen layers due to heat and pressure.
ex: gneiss and slate
Non foliated – no layers can be seen
ex: marble and quartzite

25. 1. Foliated Metamorphic Slate – very thin layers, from shale
Phyllite – thin layers, sheen, wavy, from slate
Schist – medium layers,shiny, micas, from phyllite
Gneiss – distinct black & white layers, from schist or granite

26. Nonfoliated Metamorphic
Marble – shiny, fizzes in acid, H = 3, from limestone
Quartzite – shiny, won’t fizz, H = 6 – 7, from sandstone
Anthracite coal – shiny, black, from bituminous coal
The carbon cycle…see page 85

27. Lab Information

28. Igneous Rocks = most common overall --never layered --can be spotty,glassy --can have holes --crystals rectangular

29. Sedimentary Rocks Most common on surface Usually dull earthy colors
Can have fossils
Can be layered
Rounded grains

30. Metamorphic Rocks = most common around here gneiss & schist
crystals flattened
may be layered/foliated
can be shiny/sheeny