1. DEVELOPMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS WITH CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION CERAMIC TILE WASTE
MAYURAN G. & NITHUSHAN K.
FACULTY MENTOR : DR. G.N. PARANAVITHANA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SOUTH EATERN UNIVERSITY OF SRILANKA
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2. Contents Background Aim & Objectives Methodology Results Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
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3. Background
Approximately 40% of waste generated globally originates from construction and demolition of buildings; usually it is dumped in improper places.
Due to urbanization, development of impervious pavement has caused changes in the hydrological aspects; risk of flooding and depletion of ground water.
Development of pervious pavement with construction and demolition waste is one of the emerging technologies for environmental sustainability.
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4. Generated C&D waste in Sri Lanka
Material
Waste(%)
Sand 25
Lime 20
Cement 14
Brick
Ceramic Tiles 10
Timber
Steel (Reinforcement) 7
Rubble
Cement Block 6
Paint 5
Asbestos Sheets 3
Source: European Union,2011, “Asia Pro Eco Project”.
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5. 3R Percentage of Generated Construction Wastes in Sri Lanka
Material
Recovery rate (%)
Reuse rate (%)
Recycling rate (%)
Door frames
100.00
35.71
Window frame
17.86
Brick
75.00 -
Kapok Laterite brick
96.43
Roof timber
60.71
Asbestos Roofing Sheets
Zinc Alum Roofing Sheets
21.43
Calicut Roof Sheets
85.71
Ceiling panels
78.57
Rain water gutters
50.00
Rain water down pipes
Toilet fittings
Ceilings fans
25.00
Concrete grills
42.86
Timber staircase handrails
Steel gates
64.28
Stone paving blocks
57.14
Door sashes
Antiques
Reinforcement bars
10.71
Rubble
Floor and wall tiles
3.57
Source: European Union, 2011, “Asia Pro Eco Project”.
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6. Aim
Development of pervious concrete block with construction and demolition waste
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7. Determine the properties of ceramic tile waste as coarse aggregate.
 Objectives
Determine the properties of ceramic tile waste as coarse aggregate.
Investigate the physical properties of pervious concrete made with replacement levels of construction and demolition ceramic tile waste as coarse aggregate.
Find satisfactory level of pervious concrete mix proportion made with replacement levels of construction and demolition ceramic tile waste as coarse aggregate.
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8. Methodology Material Ordinary Portland cement Natural coarse aggregate
Ceramic waste aggregates [ceramic floor and wall tiles]
Super plasticizer type F admixture
Both coarse aggregates were crushed and sieved to obtain 4.75–13.2 mm particles size.
The Ceramic waste aggregates were prepared to saturated surface dry (SSD) condition before mixing.
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9. Mix Proportions 76 kg water was added to 1 m3 pervious concrete.
Constant water to cement ratio of 0.24, cement to aggregate ratio of 0.22 and SP dosage of 1% by weight of cement were used (Y Zaetang, V Sata, A Wongsa, P Chindaprasirt, 2016).
Mix Proportion of recycled ceramic aggregate with natural aggregate (Awoyera et al., 2016)
Name
NA (%)
CWA(%)
CWA 0
100
CWA 25 75 25
CWA 50 50
CWA 75
CWA 100
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10. Laboratory Tests Tested Properties Standard Particle Size DistributionBS
Specific gravity
ASTM C127
Water Absorption
Impact Value BS
Compressive Strength
BS 1881 : Part 116 : 1983
Porosity and Density
ASTM C1754
Hydraulic Conductivity
Inverted Constant head method
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11. Procedure for testing the Properties of Aggregates
AIV Test
Sieve Analysis Test
Water Absorption Test
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12. Procedure for testing the Properties of Concrete Specimen
Compressive Strength Test
Porosity Test
Hydraulic Conductivity Test
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13. Nominal max.size of aggregate(mm)
Workability
0 mm slump achieved for every mix, its acceptable limit for water cement ratio (0.24) with aggregate size range mm.
Degree of Workability
Nominal max.size of aggregate(mm)
Slump(mm)
Low 14
0 - 12 20
37.5
Medium
High
Source : SSCM
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14. Results of Properties of Coarse AggregatesNA
CWA
Fineness modulus
2.86
1.33
Specific gravity (SSD)
2.68
2.47
Specific gravity(apparent)
1.68
2.36
Absorption (%)
0.48
5.3
Impact Value(%)
13.02
18.19
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15. Results of Properties of Pervious Concrete
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16. Hydraulic Conductivity for Pervious Concrete and Existing Pavement Materials
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17. Discussion
All the tested mechanical properties are acceptable limit for the pervious concrete.
The use of ceramic tile waste resulted in significant improvement of compressive strength of pervious concrete except highest replacement level of (100%).
Highest compressive strengths of 11.7N/mm2 achieved for replacement level of 75% of ceramic tile waste.
The improvement was due to the good bonding between ceramic tile waste and cement paste, and the less amount of porosity and Hydraulic conductivity.
The hydraulic conductivity of a porous concrete with ceramic tile waste aggregate is increasing with porosity and the compaction energy corresponds to decrease.
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18. Conclusions
Pervious concrete block developed with ceramic tile waste aggregates can be used in parking areas, pedestrian walkways and tennis courts.
It can not be used for heavy or medium traffic pavements due to less compressive strength of the pervious concrete block
It can be seen that hydraulic conductivity of the pervious concrete block is higher than the natural materials available in the environment except gravel & coarse sand. So, it is more efficient in use.
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19. Recommendation
Even though we got the maximum of 11.7 MPa compressive strength for the pervious block, it has to be further improved to achieve desired compressive strength of a paving block, normally 30 to 50Mpa
Recommend to increase the cement to aggregate ratio more than 0.22
We recommend to change the water cement ratio or the partial replacement of ceramic tile waste to achieve more compressive strength for the pervious concrete block
And also flexural strength test has to be conducted for the pervious concrete block
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20. References
Awoyera, O., Julius,M., Joseph, O. and David, O. (2016) ‘Characterization of ceramic waste aggregate concrete’, HBRC Journal
Golden, J.S., Kaloush, K.E., Mesoscale and microscale evaluation of surface impacts on the urban heat island effects, Int. J. Pavement Eng. 7 (1) (2006) 37–52
Maguesvari, M.U. and Narasimha, V.L. (2013) ‘Studies on characterization of Pervious concrete for pavement applications’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 104, pp. 198–207
Teo, M.M.M. and Loosemore, M. (2001) ‘A theory of waste behaviour in the construction industry’, Construction Management and Economics, 19(7), pp. 741–751
Zaetang, Y., Sata, V., Wongsa, A. and Chindaprasirt, P. (2016) ‘Properties of pervious concrete containing recycled concrete block aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate’, Construction and Building Materials, 111, pp. 15–21
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21. Thank you
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22. Sieve Analysis Test for Natural Coarse Aggregate
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23. Sieve Analysis Tests for Ceramic Waste Aggregate
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24. Aggregate Impact Value Test
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25. Specific Gravity
Ceramic tile waste aggregates were found to have a higher water absorption compared to natural aggregates due to their porosity. Therefore, Ceramic aggregates were brought to saturated surface dry condition before mixing.
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26. Compressive Strength
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27. Porosity
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28. Density
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29. Hydraulic conductivity
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