1. What is so special about this island?

2. What are hotspot volcanoes?
Learning Objectives
To understand where we might find hotspot volcanoes.
To be able to explain how hotspot volcanoes are created.
To practice drawing diagrams and interpreting exam questions.

3. There’s always one that has to be different…
At some points around the world, the mantle is abnormally hot.
If the oceanic crust is thin, or weak, magma can escape to form volcanoes.
This starts on the sea floor, but over time builds up high enough to form volcanic islands.
As the plate moves over the mantle a chain of mountains will be formed.
5mins

5. HOTSPOT SIMULATION You need: One strip of orange paper
One strip of white/light paper
Brown Pen
Red Pen
Black Pen
Blue Pen

6. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step One Label the mantle.
Draw a line to represent the oceanic crust
Draw the ocean on top of the crust
Draw a series of ‘X’s to represent weak areas in the crust.

7. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Two
Use a red pen to draw a ‘hot plume’ on the mantle (an area of abnormally hot (hotter than normal) molten rock.

8. HOTSPOT SIMULATION
Step Three
Place the light paper above the mantle.

9. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Four
Move the crust along until the hot plume lines up with a ‘X’ / weak-spot.

10. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Five
Use the red pen to draw the magma rising through the weakness in the oceanic crust.

11. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Six
Use the brown pen to show the magma cooling and forming a ridge in the ocean.

12. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Seven
Use the red pen to mark on more magma rising through the vent in the new under sea volcano.

13. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Eight
Use the brown pen to show this ‘cooling’ to build up the sides even further.

14. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Nine
Use the red pen to show EVEN MORE magma rising to the surface.

15. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Ten
Use the brown pen to show this cooling and turning to rock again. AN ISLAND SHOULD HAVE FORMED ABOVE THE SEA LEVEL.

16. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Step Ten
Continue to move the plate along (remember, this would take millions of years).
When you reach a new weakness, draw the magma rising again!

17. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Repeat
Use the brown pen to show this cooling and turning to rock.
Use the red pen to show the magma rising to the surface.

18. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Repeat
Use the brown pen to show this cooling and turning to rock.
Use the red pen to show the magma rising to the surface.

19. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Repeat
Use the brown pen to show this cooling and turning to rock.
Use the red pen to show the magma rising to the surface.

20. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Repeat
Use the brown pen to show this cooling and turning to rock.
Use the red pen to show the magma rising to the surface.

21. HOTSPOT SIMULATION Repeat
Use the brown pen to show this cooling and turning to rock.
Use the red pen to show the magma rising to the surface.

22. What are hotspot volcanoes?
Questions:
In which direction is the plate moving?
On which type of plate do hotspot volcanoes usually occur?
Draw a labelled diagram to show how the chain will change over time.
Exam Question:
Explain the formation of a volcano at a hotspot. You may use a labelled diagram(s) in your answer. (4 marks)

23. What are hotspot volcanoes?
Learning Objectives
To understand where we might find hotspot volcanoes.
To be able to explain how hotspot volcanoes are created.
To practice drawing diagrams and interpreting exam questions.