1. Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine
Introduction to Chinese Medicine Theory

2. TCM as a Metaphor
Evidence of Acupuncture tools as early as 8,000 years ago
1st definitive evidence of Veterinary Acupuncture ~450 B.C.
Taboo to look in body
What we say organ does in TCM may be different then what know in western medicine.
1st Known text: Yellow emperor’s Classic of Internal medicine 2,200 yrs ago – refers to older texts
Orginially in farm animals
Small animals last years
Popularity increases in US in 1970’s after Nixon’s trip to china

3. Western vs. Eastern Goals
Western Medicine – treat underlying insult
Particularly apt at treating acute illness, emergencies or surgical presentation
Eastern Medicine – Treat the whole and try to bring body back to balance
Particularly helpful in chronic disease processes

4. Qi Energy, Vital Force, Life Source, Vital Breath
All essential life activities involved
Spirtual, emotional, mental & physical
Obi Wan & the Force
If flow of Qi insufficient, unbalanced or interrupted results in illness
Different type of Qi including Source, Food, air
Obi : “It is an Energy field created by all living things. It surrounds us. It penetrates us. It binds the galaxy together.”
Source Qi – Jing/Yuan Qi, Food=Gu Qi, Air=Cosmic/

5. Qi Travels through meridans or energy pathways
14 main meridians: 12 organ pairs and 2 unpaired
Extraordinary meridians
Acupuncture (AP) points – where meridians come to surface
Includes free nerve endings, arterioles, veins, lymphatics, mast cells
Activation results in increased blood flow, change in immune response, relaxes muscles and tissue, alter pain pathway, nerve transmission, hormones, neuro transmitters.

6. Zang Fu/Yang Yin Organ Pairs
12 meridians paired as Husband/Wife or Yang/Yin
Yang: male, summer, light, day, external, dry, hot, acute, hollow
Yin: female, winter, dark, night, internal, wet, cold, chornic, solid
Everything has opposite
Opposites control each other
Mutually create each other
Can transform into each other
Opposites: any division into opposites can be further divided – Day: Morning more Yang, Afternoon more Yin
Control: Add cold water to hot =>hot water cooled but cold water heated
Create: can’t have one without other
Transform: night to day, winter to spring

7. Zang Fu organ pairs ZANG: FU: Yin Interior Wife Solid
Manufacture and store essential substances
Qi, Blood, Body Fluid
FU:
Yang
Exterior
Husband
Hollow
Receive and Digest Food
Waste transport and excretion

8. Zang Fu Organ Pairs Lung Spleen Heart Pericardium Liver Kidney
Large Intestine
Stomach
Small Intestine
Triple Heater/San Jiao
Gall Bladder
Bladder (Urinary)
Lung – Upper Jiao
-Governs Qi and Respiration – exchange and renewal of Cosmic Qi: O/CO2 exchange
- Regulate water passage, distributes Wei Qi/Defensive energy – ascending /descending
-Controls the surface, opens to nose, throat
Spleen – Middle Jiao
-Transportation/Transformation of food, dampness, holding function
-Controls blood – circulates, keeps in vessels
-muscles and limbs via food energy
-open to mouth and lips
Heart – Upper Jiao
-Governs circulation of Blood – propels it
-Houses shen – Spirit/Mind-mental, memory, sleep
-Control Sweat
-Opens to Tongue
Pericardium – Membrane surrounding heart – protect heart – treatment strat same as heart
Liver – Store Blood, regulates volume of blood in circ – exercise ability
-Maintain smooth flow of Qi >ensure maintain ascending and descending of SP/ST>harmony b/tw QI and Blood>keep TH from Obs
-Control Jin – lig, tendons, sinews, fascia – link jts and musc.
-Opens to eyes
Kidney –Lower jiao
-Stores essences – congenital and acquired (from spleen/Food)-”Oil Lamp” –no oil – light goes out
-Governs Water
-Grasps Cosmic/inhaled Qi
-Dominates Bone/Marrow – spinal cord, teeth
-Opens to ears, controls 2 orifices
Large Int – Receive waste from Small Intestine, reabsord fluid, excretion
Stomach – Receive food to rot/decompose and ripen >essential subs taken by spleen to transport
- with spleen – origin of Qi and Blood via Gu Qi
Small Intestine – receive from stomach, absorb essentials, sep clean from turbid>sp & Lu then transmit clean to body,
- SI transport turbid to LI or Bladder
TH – Sanjiao – General pathway for distribution of Source Qi and Body fluids
-Divided into Upper Middle Lower jiao
-Upper – HT & Lu – governs resp & Blood Vessels, distribute nutrients
-Middle – Diaphragm to Naval – SP & ST – Rot, digest, absorb food
-Lower – Naval to feet – Drainage system – sep and excrete – KI, BL, SI, LI
GB – EQ – Bile duct
-Store/Excrete bile, assist digestion, Decision making if Qi deficient
BL-Store & Excret Urine

9. Governs Qi & Respiration Dominates Ascending & Descending
Lung:
Governs Qi & Respiration
Dominates Ascending & Descending
Control the Body Surface
Opens in the Nose
Governs Qi & Respiration-Inhales “clear” Qi, Exhales “stale” Qi, Forms Zong Qi from Gu Qi & clear Qi, Qi help propel the Blood so Lung and Heart work together, Stagnation of Lung Qi leads to cough and asthma
Dominates Ascending & Descending - Distributes defensive (wie) Qi and body fluid to entire body, Helps maintain normal descending function, while receiving the ascending water vapor from the kidney
Control the Body Surface - Distributes body fluid to the tissues which in turn helps regulate skin moisture and sweating, Provides Wei Qi
Opens in the Nose - Lung is a canopy over the other organs and very delicate, Easily affected by pathogens (wind, heat, cold or dryness)
Large
Intestine:
-Receive waste from SI
-Reabsorb fluids
-Excrete waste

10. -Origin of Qi and Blood with Spleen via Food energy
Stomach:
-Receive Food
-Rot and Ripen
-Origin of Qi and Blood with Spleen via Food energy
Spleen:
Governs Transportation & Transformation
Controls Blood
Dominates the Muscles
Opens in Mouth
Lips & Gums (ST)
Governs Transportation & Transformation-Distribution, digestion & absorption of nutrients and water, Dominates post-natal life, SP Qi up- -ST Qi down
Controls Blood-Keeps blood in vessels & prevents extravasation, SP important for holding substance:Blood, Hernias, Prolapses
Dominates the Muscles-Weakness, Muscle atrophy, Emaciation
Opens in Mouth-Lips (SP) & Gums (ST), Chewing and appetite are related to Spleen function, Poor Spleen function, poor appetite

11. Dominates the Blood & Vessels
Heart:
Dominates the Blood & Vessels
Houses the Mind
Controls Sweating
Opens in the Tongue
Small Intestine:
-receive from stomach
-absorb essentials
-seperate clean from turbid
- Spleen & Lung then transmit clean to body
- Small Intestine transport turbid to LI or Bladder
Dominates the Blood & Vessels-Motive force behind blood circulation, Requires proper Heart Qi function for normal pulse and mucous membrane color, Deficiency leads to weak, thready pulse and pale tongue
Houses the Mind-Mental activity, memory, sleep, Primarily related to Heart Blood, Deficiency of Heart Blood leads to restlessness, anxiety and shen disturbance
Controls Sweating-Blood carries body fluid and is interchangeable with it, Body fluid is used to make up sweat, Heart deficiency leads to spontaneous sweating, Night- -Yin, Day- -Yang
Opens in the Tongue-Controls color and appearance of the tongue, particularly tip, Deficiency in Heart Blood shows pale (dry) tongue, Excess heat in Heart causes dark red tongue

12. Pericardium:
Protects the Heart
In Practice, considered the same as the Heart
Treat the same
May be more related to shen
Triple Heater:
-Sanjiao
– General pathway for distribution of Source Qi and Body fluids
-Divided into Upper, Middle, Lower jiao
-Upper – HT & Lu – governs resp & Blood Vessels, distribute nutrients
-Middle – Diaphragm to Naval – SP & ST – Rot, digest, absorb food
-Lower – Naval to feet – Drainage system – sep and excrete – KI, BL, SI, LI

13. Decision making if Qi deficient
Gall Bladder:
--Store/Excrete bile
Assist Digestion
Decision making if Qi deficient
Liver:
Stores the Blood
Maintains the Smooth Flow of Qi & Blood
Controls the Sinews
Opens in the Eyes
Liver:
Stores the Blood- Acts to regulate blood volume, Closely related to tolerance to tiredness, Measure of athletic performance
Maintains the Smooth Flow of Qi & Blood, Ensuring SP/ST digestive function, Maintaining vital activities of the body, Maintaining smooth flow of water-damp
Controls the Sinews - Moistens and nourishes the tendons and ligaments, Ensures smooth joint movements, Depends upon adequate LIV blood
Opens in the Eyes-Meridian connection, LIV yin & blood deficiency leads to dry eyes, LIV heat leads to red, swollen eyes

14. Controls Reception of Qi Dominates the Bones & Marrow
Bladder:
-Store & Excrete Urine
-Association Points
Kidney:
Stores Essence
Governs Water
Controls Reception of Qi
Dominates the Bones & Marrow
Opens in the Ears
Controls the 2 Orifices
Ki:
Stores Essence-Inherited Essence (DNA from parents), Acquired Essence(From food via the Spleen)
Governs Water-Gate that regulates water, Separates clear from turbid water, Clear water is boiled to Lung, Turbid water is sent to Bladder
Controls Reception of Qi-Holds down Qi received from the Lung, Kidney deficiency leads to asthma
Dominates the Bones & Marrow-Osteoarthritis, Teeth, Brain & Spinal Cord, Bone Marrow (Blood)
Opens in the Ears-Associated with hearing and deafness
Controls the 2 Orifices-Urination, Defecation. Reproduction

15. Extraordinary Fu Organs
Hollow shape of Fu Organs but store essential substances like Zang organs
Brain – Sea of Marrow, House of mind, connects with Spinal Marrow
Related to Kidney and Heart
Marrow – brain , spinal cord, bone marrow
Origin =Kidney essence,
Nourish brain and bone
Bone – controlled by Kidney, form marrow & skeleton

16. Extraordinary Fu Organs, Con’t
Vessels – House of blood
Circulate Qi and Blood within
*Gall Bladder* - Because Hollow, one of regular Fu organ but functions like Zang organ because it stores bile
Uterus – Nourishes fetus, controls estrus and pregnancy
Closely related to Kidney and extraordinary vessels

17. Diagnostic Systems Systems used to develop a Chinese Medicine pattern
2 main:
8 Principle
5 Element

18. Eight Principle Determine type of Disease process Superficial/Exterior
Hot
Excess
Yang
Deep/Internal
Cold
Deficient
Yin

19. Five Element 5 categories in Natural World
Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water
Describe nature of Zang Fu organs, inter-relationship between organs, relationship between body and world
With 8 principle can guide diagnosis and treatment
Individuals tend to have characteristics, diseases explained by their elemental constitutions

20. 5 Element
Wood – leaders, Alpha, Loud, Angers, Quick, Skilled runners, Alert, Diplomat, High BP, Allergy, Depression, Neurosis, Tend to Stagnation
Fire – exuberant, always on go, life of party, Extrovert, Center of Attention, Inventor, Persuasive, Arrogant, Exaggerates, separation anxiety, Cardiovascular Disease
Earth – Laid back, easy going, Motherly, seek companionship, seek to please, worry, GI issues, Obesity
Metal – aloof, confident, love order, Broad minded, Righteous, Vain, Resp problems, Diabetes, Constipation
Water – Introverted, Fearful, quiet-observer, planner, advisor, deep thinker, ok alone, consistent but slow, sinister, fear biter, infertility, back pain, UTI

21. Sheng – creation cycle
Ko-Control Cycle

22. Fire Earth Metal water Wood Season Climate Direction Flavor Emotions
Wood
Fire
Earth
Metal
water
Season
Spring
Summer
Late Summer
Fall
Winter
Climate
Wind
Heat
Damp
Dryness
Cold
Direction
East
South
Center
West
North
Flavor
Sour
Bitter
Sweet
Pungent
Salty
Emotions
Anger
Irritation
Joy
Fright
Preoccupation
Worry
Grief
Sadness
Fear
Terror
Orifice
Eyes
Tongue
Mouth
Nose
Ears
Sense
Vision
Speech
Taste
Smell
Hearing
Tissue
Tendons
Ligaments
Vascular System
Muscles
Skin
Hair Coat
Bones
Body Action
Spasms
Tantrums
Mania
Depresion
Spitting
Vomiting
Coughing
Wheezing
Trembling
Shivering

23. Additional Diagnostics
Tongue – Areas for each element
Color
Red – Heat, Yin deficiency
Pale – Qi or Blood Deficiency
Purple – Qi or Blood Stagnation
Lavender – Cold, Yang deficiency
Yellow – Heat/Damp
Coat
White –cold, damp, phlegm
Yellow – Heat
Dry-Yin/Blood Deficiency
Wet – Qi/Yang Deficiency, Damp

24. Additional Diagnostics
Pulse
Dog/Cat – Femoral
Equine – Carotid
3 locations on each side and 3 depths
In beginning: deep, superficial, thin, broad, fast, slow
Work up to wiry and slippery
Left<Right – Yin/Blood Deficiency
Right<Left – Yang/Qi deficiency