1. Organic Chemistry Unit

2. What is Organic Chemistry?
The study of
carbon-containing
compounds
made up of
non-metal elements
(covalent bonds)

3. Organic Compound? Yes or No
Na2CO3 No
C2H6
Yes!
C4H6Br2F2
Yes!

4. Why Carbon?? Found in Nature ( ranked 17th in crust) Element Compound
Found in all living matter
Found in body tissue
Found in food
Found in fuels (coal, wood, petroleum)

5. Forms of Carbon Term = Allotrope Same element
Different bonding pattern
Different arrangement
Carbon exists in 3 solid forms
Diamond
Graphite
Fullerene

6. Diamond Tetrahedrally oriented Hardest material known
Most dense form of Carbon
High melting point
Conducts heat
Does not conduct electricity

7. Graphite Layers of hexagonal plates Soft Feels greasy Crumbles easily
High melting point
Conducts electricity

8. Fullerene Discovered in mid 1980s Found in soot
Spherical cages of carbon
Hexagons and pentagons
Most stable is C60
Resembles geodesic dome
C60 = Buckminsterfullerene or
Buckyball

9. Diversity of Organic Chemistry
Due to uniqueness of Carbon
Can bond to itself covalently
Forms chains and rings
Term = Catenation

10. Carbon bonds to elements
Carbon readily bonds to : H O N S
Halogens
Cl, Br, F,I
Hydrocarbons
Simplest organic compounds
Only contain Carbon and Hydrogen
(CxHy)

11. Formulas Molecular Formula C8H18 Written representations of a compound
using letters (and sometimes numbers)
Molecular Formula
Indicates
# of atoms
Types of atoms
Example:
C8H18

12. Structural Formula Indicates # of atoms Type of atoms
Bonding Arrangement

13. Structural formulas show all bonds in compound
Condensed structural formulas only show bonds between carbon atoms
CH3CHCH3 
CH3

14. Arrangement of Atoms Compounds that have: Same molecular formula
Different structure or arrangement
Called ISOMERS
As # of carbon atoms goes up
# of isomers goes up
C8  18 isomers
C9  35 isomers
C10  75 isomers
C40 
69,491,178,805,831

15. Example of Isomers
Structural Isomers: same formula but atoms are bonded in a different order
C4H10

16. Geometric Isomers
Order of atoms is the same but the arrangement in space is different
Typically need a rigid bond (double or triple bond). Don’t see this with single bonds!

17. We are going to study: Alkanes Ethers Alkenes Esters Alkynes Aldehydes
Aromatics
Alcohols
Ethers
Esters
Aldehydes
Ketones
Amines