1. Sectionalism ( )
Chapter Focus: How did nationalism and sectionalism affect the United States from the early 1800s to the mid-1800s?

2. Democracy and the Age of Jackson Focus: What changes did Andrew Jackson represent in American political life?
Election 1824
New Political Party emerges (Democrats)
Democracy changes
Four Candidates
All Democratic Republicans (for now)
John Quincy Adams
William Crawford
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay

3. Democracy and the Age of Jackson Election of 1824
No clear winner
Jackson and Adams
Jackson takes popular vote
Neither wins Electoral Vote
No majority
Second time in history -
House elects the President – Adams
Adams supporters refer to themselves as National Republicans

4. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
criticizes Adams throughout his presidency
“Corrupt Bargain”
Adams Appointing Clay as Secretary of State (trade-off for support)
Prepares for next election during Adams presidency
Travels the country
Jackson Support
Martin Van Buren
pushes for support (Jackson)

5. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
Democracy expands: 1810’s 1840’s
States re-write their constitutions
Voting becomes easier
Previously, must own land!
Factory workers not able to vote!!
Voting requirements loosened
White Men
Paid Tax
Voter turnout increased 30-80%
Still others held back
Free Blacks
Women
American Indians

6. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
Jacksonian Democracy
Campaigning
Jackson paints himself as “common- man”
Wounded War Vet (1812 vs. Indians)
Log cabin
Orphaned as a child
Lawyer
Planter

7. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
Jackson wins 1828 Election
New Party “Democrats”
Supporters of Jackson
Return to Jeffersonian Ideals
Ease regional tensions by:
States Stronger
Federal Government less power
No interference (slavery)

8. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
Jackson’s Party Structure
Disciplined committees
Threw out those who broke rank
Rewards the faithful with government positions
Ex) Van Buren becomes Secretary of State
“Spoils System”
Political jobs in exchange for party loyalty
“To the victor, go the spoils”

9. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
Jackson’s
Native American Removal
Southerners wanted Indians Removed
Even those that were “civilized”
Jackson was in agreement
Battled Creeks and Seminoles
Creek War 1814
Seminole War 1818

10. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
Indian Removal Act 1830
Jackson’s plan
Offer natives lands westward (OK)
Some leave early
Other stay and resist - fought and beaten
Cherokee tribe protested
Refused to leave
Government sent in US troops

11. Democracy and the Age of Jackson
“Trail of Tears”
U.S. Soldiers remove natives
16,000 Indians
Travel by foot to Oklahoma
4,000 + die on the journey
Still resist in other areas
Second Seminole War (Florida)
Black Hawk’s War (Illinois)

12. Constitutional Disputes Focus: What major political issues emerged during the 1830s?
Protective Tariff (protection of American industry)
North favored
South opposed
Nullification Crisis
Tariff of Abominations
Extremely high tariff
Tried to protect industry
Angered southerners
John C. Calhoun
Jackson’s VP
Pushed for nullification
States void any federal law they feel is unconstitutional

13. Nullification Crisis Nullification Crisis Calhoun (SC)
Hopes Jackson will nullify tariff
Jackson only lowers
Calhoun not happy
Calhoun resigns as VP
Writes “South Carolina Exposition and Protest”
Pushed for SC to nullify
“Unconstitutional”
Pushes for other states to do the same
Threaten to secede from nation if govn’t forced

14. Jackson Protects the Union
Nullification Crisis
Jackson Protects the Union
Hayne - Webster Debate
Daniel Webster- pro Federal
Hayne- pro States
Webster helps pass:
Force Bill
Gave Jackson right to send troops to enforce federal law
If needed*
Crisis averted
Tariff lowered –SC reduces militancy toward govn’t
Force Bill nullified
Secession? not yet – POSTPONED*

15. Jackson Opposes the Bank
The Bank War
Jackson favored the South
Agrarian society
Saw the bank and paper money as corrupt
Few rich, many poor
* Bank did have many supporters, especially the North

16. Jackson Opposes the Bank
Bank War
1832- Congress votes
Renew Bank’s charter
Jackson Vetoes the vote
Sees as advancement of few at the expense of many
Shocks Congress (veto rarely used)
The bank supporters denounce Jackson
Tyrannical* , ignoring the rights of congress

17. Whig Party Forms Whigs WHIG Party forms as result of veto Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
Nationalist
Favor
Strong national government – loose interpretation
American System
Tariffs, Nat’l Bank, internal improvements
Two- Party System (again)
Whigs vs. Democrats

18. Whig Party Forms
1832- Election
Jackson wins again
Defeats Henry Clay (Whig)

19. Andrew Jackson- Term Two
Jackson’s Second Term
Andrew Jackson- Term Two
Finished off the National Bank
Withdrew funds & placed in state bank
Dead by 1836
Costly decision
Weakened economy
Lead to massive inflation

20. Politics After Jackson
1836- Martin van Buren – elected president
Jackson’s VP
Rough time in office
Economy fails
Thanks in part
to Jackson

21. Politics After Jackson
Panic of 1837
Jackson stopped accepting paper money months earlier
To purchase federal land
Drop in land value & sales
Banks/Businesses go bankrupt
Planters & farmers lose land
Jobs lost in all sectors
One in three
Wages drop 30%
Worst depression to date in US History

22. William Henry Harrison - President
1840 Election
Whigs regain strength
William Henry Harrison - President
John Tyler as VP
Use slogans, and propaganda to gain voter attention
Tippecanoe (Harrison’s victory) and Tyler Too

23. Harrison Wins Election- 1840
Whig Victory
Harrison Wins Election- 1840
Dies of Pneumonia
One month into term
Tyler takes over
Rejects Whig plans (Oh my!)
No national bank
NO Clay’s American System