1. AP Gov Review: Unit #3 In 10 Minutes!
Everything You Need To Know About Unit #3 In 10 Minutes!

2. Political Parties Function of Parties:
Linkage institution, pick candidates, provide info to voters, vocalize policies
Parties exist on national, state, and local levels
Open Primary:
Voters can vote in primaries WITHOUT registering with a party
Closed Primary:
Only voters that are registered with a party can vote in a primary

3. History of Political Parties
Washington’s Farewell Address:
Warned of political parties
1st Party System:
Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans
2nd Party System:
Whigs vs. Democrats
Republican Party:
Formed in 1850s - nonextention of slavery
Civil War s
Democrats vs. Republicans - differed over tariffs and gold standard

4. History of Political Parties
**Election of 1932**:
New Deal Coalition:
Unions, Catholics, urban areas, and African Americans tended to support Democrats at this time
**Election of 1968**:
Nixon focused on states’ rights, strong military, and law and order
The South began to support Republicans

5. History of Political Parties
3rd Parties:
Often focus on a single issue - if a major party adapts their ideas, the party disappears

6. Impact of Political Parties on Politics
Party Identification provides valuable info to voters
“Presidential coattails” - not as applicable in recent years

7. Electoral Laws
Under the Constitution, voting laws were left to states:
Amendments that increased democracy - 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Electoral College - elects the president
States’ electoral votes based on representation in Congress
No Electoral majority?
12th Amendment - House decides on top 3 candidates

8. Interest Groups Groups that seek to influence public policy 4 types:
Economic - labor interests - unions; business interests
Environmental - focus on issues such as pollution, oil drilling, etc.
Equality - NAACP, NOW
Consumer - focus on product safety - Ralph Nader
Interest groups LOBBY and use Political Action Committees (PACs)

9. Interest Group Activities
Interest groups seek to influence policy by:
Lobbying - persuade politicians/write legislation
Electioneering - financial assistance (PACs)
$5,000 per candidate, per election (primary AND general); $15,000 per party
Litigation - Civil Rights in the Brown v. Board
Amicus Curiae briefs - groups file depositions to the court describing how a ruling would impact them
Going Public - Using TV, newspapers, etc. to spread message

10. News Media 4 major types:
Print, Broadcast (radio), TV, Internet (fastest growing)
Media is a linkage institution
Connects people to the government
Report on campaigns:
“horse-race journalism” - focus on polls, not issues
Press Secretary - President (and other politicians) - meet with the press regularly
Media Bias - different outlets may have different ideologies
Over the years, news media has been concentrated in fewer hands

11. Quick Recap Closed vs. Open Primary History of Political Parties
Elections of 1932 and 1968
Amendments/laws that increase democracy
Interest groups and ways they influence policy
Types of news media
Horse-race journalism

12. See You Back Here For Unit 4 In 10 Minutes!
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