1. This presentation is about 4 pieces of legislation we have studied.
UNIT 3 – TASK 1
This presentation is about 4 pieces of legislation we have studied.

2. Health and Safety at Work Act (1974)
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (‘the Act’) and the regulations made under it, apply to club organisers who are both employers and self employed. The law requires them to do what is reasonably practicable to ensure peoples health and safety. The Act sets out the general duties that employers have towards their employees whilst at work. The Act also requires employers and the self-employed to protect people other than those at work eg volunteer staff like coaches, club members, visiting teams and spectators. These people should be protected from risks to their health and safety arising out of, or in connection with, their club’s work activities. Health and safety law does not generally apply to volunteers running a club with no employees, unless the club has responsibility for premises like a clubhouse or playing fields. Anyone (including volunteers) with control of premises like a clubhouse or playing fields has a duty to see that the premises, access to them and plant ( eg sports equipment) and substances provided are safe for the persons using them so far as is reasonably practicable. Often this is a shared duty between the premises owner, a management committee and users.

3. Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations (1981)
Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 require employers to provide adequate and appropriate equipment, facilities and personnel to ensure their employees receive immediate attention if they are injured or taken ill at work. These Regulations apply to all workplaces including those with less than five employees and to the self-employed. What is ‘adequate and appropriate’ will depend on the circumstances in the workplace. This includes whether trained first-aiders are needed, what should be included in a first-aid box and if a first-aid room is required. Employers should carry out an assessment of first-aid needs to determine what to provide. The Regulations do not place a legal duty on employers to make first-aid provision for non-employees such as the public or children in schools. However, HSE strongly recommends that non-employees are included in an assessment of first-aid needs and that provision is made for them.

4. Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act (1987)
Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987 Following a fire on 11 May 1985 at the Bradford City football ground in which 56 people died a committee was set up to examine the Safety of Sports Grounds Act They recommended that the Act be re-written as the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act. The Act did not replace the Fire Precautions Act but gave more powers to the local Building Control Authority & Fire Authority. These powers included the power to charge for the issue of a Fire Certificate. All professional sports teams rely on spectators as an important source of income. The Safety at Sports Grounds Act (1975) was designed to protect the health and safety of these spectators. The act concentrates on stadia that hold 10,000spectators or more. The stadium has to provide a ‘reasonable safety’ level in order to gain the certificate

5. Manual Handling Operations Regulations (1992)
Manual handling operations regulations 1992 doesn’t really have any specific limits such as weight limits. The manual handling operations” means any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, and pulling, carrying or moving) by hand or by bodily force. So the person should only lift or push as much as they can, no more weight should be added on to their maximum. This is called the ergonomic approach; it is used to reduce the risk of manual handling. Employers should try and avoid manual handling wherever possible, and they should assess the risk of those manual handling that cannot be avoided, so the employers should try and reduce injury as much as they can. Employers should show all employees the correct way to lift and shift the weight. Employees should follow the manual handling systems keep risks at a low level. All employees should use equipment to help them lift the weight for example a wheelbarrow.

6. Regulatory bodies
HSE - The Health and Safety Executive is a non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom with its headquarters in Liverpool, England. It is the body responsible for the encouragement, regulation and enforcement of workplace health, safety and welfare, and for research into occupational risks in England and Wales and Scotland. Responsibility in Northern Ireland lies with the Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland. The HSE was created by the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and has since absorbed earlier regulatory bodies such as the Factory Inspectorate and the Railway Inspectorate though the Railway Inspectorate was transferred to the Office of Rail Regulation in April 2006 Local authorities - provide an information and advice service to help people understand how the care and support system works, what services are available locally, and how to access the services they need now and might do in the future. promote the diversity and quality of local services, so that there is a range of high quality providers in all areas allowing people to make the best choice to satisfy their own needs and preferences. co-operate with other local organizations, work to integrate services to promote well-being, and improve quality and outcomes. provide services or take steps which are intended to prevent, delay or reduce people’s needs for care and support. The focus will be on taking proactive steps and making earlier interventions to reduce dependency, rather than just providing intensive services at the point of crisis LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITIES- Local authorities have a central role to play when it comes to the provision of community sport and recreation facilities. From the local parks to leisure centers, they allow a huge range of leisure activities to be performed locally. Authorities are also now responsible for the health outcomes for their populations – following reforms to the public health framework in April However, despite their duty to promote healthy lifestyles, there is no statutory provision for sport – meaning there is no legal requirement for local authorities to provide facilities. Currently, clubs are operating in a challenging environment due to local government spending cuts and authorities have more incentive to sell or close facilities which are used by clubs. In some areas funding and support for sport and recreation are being drastically reduced.

7. Regulatory bodies
POLICE – The police make sure sporting events are safe by supplying protection to the athletes and fans by using strategic plans to surround the event with protection and in some cases barriers, they also assure crowd control and making sure that riots don’t take place in a safe sporting environments. They give fans and the athletes reassurance that everything is going to be okay and that the event is going to run smoothly. AALA inspectors - The Adventure Activities Licensing Authority (AALA) came into existence in April It is currently sponsored by the Department for Work and Pensions. The Health and Safety Executive is currently designated as the AALA. Adventure activities licensing ensures that activity providers follow good safety management practices. These should allow young people to experience exciting and stimulating activities outdoors without being exposed to avoidable risks of death or disabling injury. FA - The last few decades have also seen many positive changes in the professional game and football stadia today are safe and welcoming places, offering good quality facilities to supporters. There are no pitch perimeter fences. All stadia in the top two divisions, and many in the lower divisions, are all-seated. Supporter violence inside stadia is very rare. Some confrontations between supporters do occasionally take place, but on a very limited scale and usually some way away from the stadium environment. Attendances are now back up to around 30 million per season. BCU - As a National Governing Body and as Coaches, Club Officials and Centre Management we need to achieve an acceptable balance in terms of safety management. It is clear to us all that we have a duty of care to others with whom we come into contact. We can only be sure that we are meeting that duty if we take steps to analyze the risks involved while participating in canoeing events and activities. ISPAL – ISPAL are an organisation that ensure that a sporting facility is health and safety checked and is ready to run and use for both staff and public. They will run a vast amount of tests to make sure the facility is running and their standards.

8. Legal factors
Statutory laws - Statutory Law is the term used to define written laws, usually enacted by a legislative body. Statutory laws vary from regulatory or administrative laws that are passed by executive agencies, and common law, or the law created by prior court decisions.
Civil law - Civil law, civilian law, or Roman law is a legal system originating in Europe, intellectualized within the framework of late Roman law, and whose most prevalent feature is that its core principles are codified into a referable system which serves as the primary source of law.
Case law - Case law is the set of past rulings by judges and similar tribunals, and that meet their respective jurisdictions' rules for formality to be cited as precedent.
Loco parentis - The term in loco parentis, Latin for "in the place of a parent" refers to the legal responsibility of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent. Originally derived from English common law, it is applied in two separate areas of the law.
Duty of care – All employee’s and employers have a duty of care towards other people in the work place or when on a trip, wherever there is a potential risk/danger. Duty of care is a legal obligation for people that are coaches or teachers, because if they take a group of students they to take care of them. The teachers and coaches have a legal obligation to get rid of avoid any risks so everyone can be safe. Thanks to the duty of care health and safety is able to be kept properly because if the person/coach doesn’t follow the duty of care they could get sued.
Higher duty of care - Coaches or teachers must be prepared for children to be less able that adults would be in a similar situation that they are in. this has to be taken into consideration even more than it already should be because the child may have learning disabilities or another disability, this could put them in even more danger so the coach or teacher has to be extra careful.
Negligence - Negligence is about leaving people on there own to do something when they are not authorized to do so or they can’t do it because of their ability. Negligence is failure to take reasonable care to avoid injury or injury to another person. Negligence is related to health and safety because if one of the students is not being taken care of properly then the manager of the company can be held responsible.

9. overview
We really need these regulations and legal factors In place because they ensure our safety when participating and spectating each and every sport and still have fun. They are in place to make sure no injuries occur or deaths. With these factors in place no sporting tragedies will happen again such as the Hillsborough disaster which was a human crush at the Hillsborough football stadium in Liverpool. Liverpool F.C vs. Nottingham Forest F.C. with these factors and regulations in place no such disaster will ever happen again. With regulatory bodies such as The Health And Safety Executive (HSE) which ensure that all sporting facilities are deemed safe enough for sporting activities and sporting events to take place. They run thorough tests all around buildings/stadiums to make sure that it is safe for: staff, athletes and spectators. With the police being at high profile sporting events it helps athletes and staff and spectators relax, knowing that protection is in place for everyone there, they also over watch fans and the game to make sure no riots/ attacks happen while a sport event is taking place.