1. Chapter Nine
“All That Is Native and Fine” : American Indian Music, Folk Songs, Spirituals, and Their Collectors

2. Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803)
Folk Music
Ethnic Nationalism - (determined by) language, geography, religion, customs
Music as a cultural artifact
Folksong as the product of a “country” (no single creator)
“Das Volk” (The People)
Scientific study/collecting
Johann Gottfried Herder ( )

3. Anglo-Celtic Ballads Traditional music from the British Isles
Disseminated chiefly in Appalachian Mountains
Ballads – storytelling songs (strophic)
Oral Tradition – never written down

4. Child Ballads
Francis James Child ( ) - American scholar of English Language - Collector of song texts
The English and Scottish Popular Ballads ( ) Ballads w/ multiple variants
The Child Ballads: 200. The Gypsy Laddie
"Gypsy Laddie" (LG 9.2) – Jean Ritchie
Cecil Sharp ( ) - English Folk Song Society (1898) - “…something primitive and genuine…”

5. American Folk Songs
Phillips Barry ( ) - Communal “re-creation” (including recent songs) - Songs “remade” through oral transmission
Cowboy songs - "Sweet Betsy from Pike" (from 1850s British) - "Home on the Range" (published 1905)
Spanish and Mexican-American (Southwest) - Charles Lummis (journalist & collector) - Arthur Farwell, Spanish Songs of Old California
Labor Songs - contrafacts (retexting well known songs) - Leopold Vincent, Alliance and Labor Songster (1891)

7. Slaves and Slave Songs
Escaped slaves as “Contraband of War” - property of the enemy (not to be returned)
“Contraband Camps” (est and later)
T. W. Higginson, “Negro Spirituals” (1867)
Slave Songs of the United States (1867)
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
“HBUCs”- Dillard U, St. Augustine’s C, Johnson C Smith U, Atlanta Clark U, Shaw U, Howard U, Virginia Union U, Fisk U, etc.

8. Fisk Jubilee Singers

9. Fisk Jubilee Singers Founded 1870, first tour in 1871
Classical (“white”) training and repertoire
Spiritual Songs as encores (initially) - arranged in Western classical harmony, etc. - Appeal to Northern Protestant audiences
World tours & international successes
Swing Low Sweet Chariot - Fisk Jubilee Singers (1909)
Fisk Jubilee Singers in Nashville, TN

10. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
Concert Spirituals
9/14/2018
Harry T. Burleigh ( )
Student of Dvořák
Spirituals in classical arrangements
"Deep River" (LG 9.3)
Deep River by H.T. Burleigh
HBUC Choirs
“Wade in the Water”
Howard University
Fisk Jubilee Singers
Southwestern Adventist University Singers
Birmingham Jubilee Singers
Blind Boys of Alabama
Ramsey Lewis (1966)
DAY 23 (23 Oct 17)