1. Mobile Communication
– v5
W. Adi
Lecture-1
Introduction

2. Wireless Historical Overview
Origins of Coded Transmission
• 1793, Revolutionary France
– Aerial Telegraph, invented by Claude Chappe
– Extensive network throughout France
• 1840s, Samuel F. B. Morse
– Coded transmission via electronic means
– Rapidly spread throughout US and Europe
– International Telegraph Union (ITU) formed in 1865

3. Wireless Historical Overview
Submarine Telegraphy: High-Tech of the late 19th Century
• 1850: Dover-to-Calais, first submarine line
• 1858: First transatlantic cable
– Breaks after 3 months!
– President Buchanan & Queen Victoria exchange telegrams
• 1866: Relayed with higher quality cable
– Development of cable materials, technology of laying, repair
• Typical “Performance”:
– 1870: London to Bombay in 4 minutes, 22 seconds
– 1901: London to British Guiana, 22 minutes
– 1924: Telegram around the world in 80 seconds!

4. Wireless Historical Overview
Radio Telegraphy (also know as “Wireless”)
• Radio technology
– Communicate with ships and other moving vehicles
– Messages sprayed into the “ether” crossing north atalnt. boundaries
• 1896: Guglielmo Marconi
– First demonstration of wireless telegraphy
– Built on work of Maxwell and Hertz to send and receive Morse Code
– Based on long wave (>> 1 km), spark transmitter technology,requiring
very large, high power transmitters
– First used by British Army and Navy in the Boer War

5. Wireless Wireless Historical Overview
• 1907: Commercial Trans-Atlantic Wireless Service
– Huge ground stations: 30 x 100m antenna masts
– Beginning of the end for cable-based telegraphy
• World Ware I: Rapid development of communications intelligence, intercept
technology, cryptography
• 1920: Marconi discovers short wave (<100 m) radio
– Long wave follow contour of land
» Very high transmit power, 200 KW+
– Short waves reflect, refract, and absorb, like light
» Bounce off ionosphere
» Higher frequencies made possible by vacuum tube (1906)
» Cheaper, smaller, better quality transmitters 1960s

6. Radio Wave Propagation
(High Frequency)
(Very High Frequency)
Mobile Radio Range

7. Wireless Frequency Spectrum
UMTS
MHz

8. Wireless Historical Overview
Other Important Dates
• 1915: Wireless voice transmission New York to San Frans.
• 1920: First commercial radio broadcast (Pittsburgh)
• 1921: Police car dispatch radios, Detroit
• 1935: First telephone call around the world
• World Ware II: Rapid development of radio technology
• 1974: FCC allocates 40 MHz for cellular telephony
• 1982: European GSM and Inmarsat established
• 1984: Initial deployment of AMPS cellular system

9. PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
(Review)
Connection
Source
Sink A B
Voice/Message
Voice/Message
Signaling SS7
Switching
Media Transmission
Coding and Modulation
Transport SDH, ATM
Line
Network node (Switch)

10. Sample Public Switched Telephone Network
in USA
LATA Local Access and
Transport Area
LEC Local Exchange Carrier
IXC Interexchange Carrier
POP Point-of-Presence
CO Central Office
AT LEC Access Tandem Switch

11. Traditional Local Loop
Local Exchange
MDF = Main Distribution Frame
PCCP = Primary Cross-connection point
SCCP = Secondary Cross-connection point

12. Wireless Local Loop

13. Wireless Local Loop: WLL

14. Cellular Wireless Network Concept
Many senders (Cellular)
Low-power transmitter
Small coverage area
Frequency resuse
Increase call capacity
Single sender (one cell)
High-power transmitter
Large coverage area
Cluster of cells

15. Public Switched Telephone Network
And Mobile Network

16. Simple PSTN and Surrounding Networks
Private Branch Exchange

17. Public Switched Telephone Network, Internet, and Mobile Internet

18. Simple Internet and Surrounding Data Networks
Public Data Network

19. Backbone Infrastructure: PSTN,Mobile, Internet, and HFC
Private Branch Exchange
Public Data Network
Local Area Network
HFC: Hybrid Fiber Coax

20. Worldwide Growth of Fixed, Wireless and Internet
2002 ?

21. Development of Modern Wireless Networks
• 1st Generation Wireless Networks
– 1980
– analog technology, FM modulation
– AMPS (US), NMT (Europe), TACS (UK)
– CT0, CT1
• 2nd Generation Wireless Networks
– 1990
– digital technology, digital modulation
– D-AMPS, CDMA (US), GSM (Europe +), PDC (Japan)
– CT2, DECT, PHS
• 3rd Generation Wireless Networks –
– multi-media
– IMT 2000 (ITU), UMTS/WCDMA (Europe), cdma2000 (US)

22. Overview of Some Wireless Communication Systems
2000
Thuraya

23. Relative Coverage, Mobility and Data Rates of
Contemporary Wireless Networks

24. Telecommunication Standard Development Process

25. Critical Attributes of Telecommunications Systems
• Speed
– Ability to transmit information in real-time
– Electronic transmission: faster than transportation
• Coverage
– Beyond regional: national and international in scale
– Metcalf’s Law: the more connected, the more useful
• Reliability
• Cost
– 1866: 20 word telegram cost $100 (4 months wages)
• Security
– Transmitted information as knowledge, news, secrets
– Always an element of government oversight and control

26. Wide Area Mobile Summary

27. Local Area Mobile Summary