1. Fetac 6 Global Development
Day 5 - Migration

2. Migration Crisis
More and more people are on the move today compared to any other point in human history.
An estimate 200 million will be on move due to climate change by 2050

3. Often displaced or moving to cities
Numbers of Migrants
All migrants
One Billion or 1 in 7
Live in own country
763 million
Often displaced or moving to cities
International
244 million (3.3%)
Up by 41% in the last 15 years
In 2015, two-thirds (67%) of all international migrants were living in just 20 countries, mainly US, Germany, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, UK, UAE, Canada, France, France, Australia, Spain

4. Why Migrate? War, conflict, natural disaster Forced
Migrants
Forced
War, conflict, natural disaster
Persecution on grounds of race , ethnicity etc
Voluntary
Better standard of living, family reunion
Reluctant
Not forced but not desired

5. Causes of Migration

6. Globalisation More inequality More damage to environment
More precarious and zero contract work
More exploitation of natural resources – displacement
More rural - urban migration

7. Inequality

8. Nafta Free Trade Agreement

9. Trends in Global Migration

10. Migration by Continent

11. Terminology for Forced Migrants (1 in 122 people in world)
Refugee
A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence. A refugee has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
An internally displaced person (IDP) is a person who has been forced to flee his or her home for the same reason as a refugee, but remains in his or her own country and has not crossed an international border. Unlike refugees, IDPs are not protected by international law or eligible to receive many types of aid
Asylum Seeker
When people flee their own country and seek sanctuary in another country, they apply for asylum – the right to be recognized as a refugee and receive legal protection and material assistance. An asylum seeker must demonstrate that his or her fear of persecution in his or her home country is well-founded.

12. Forced Migration

13. Forced Migration
Conflict and violence have forcibly displaced 60 million people worldwide, over 38 million of whom are internally displaced, and 19 million refugees.
This is the highest number of displaced persons the world has seen since World War II. In mid-2015, there were more than four million registered Syrian refugees (UN)
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Nigeria, South Sudan and Syria accounted for 60 per cent of new displacement
In Syria, every 60 seconds one family flees because of the civil war

14. Where are displaced living?

15. Consequences of Migration
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
MIGRANT
HOST COMMUNITY/COUNTRY
COMMUNITY LEFT BEHIND

16. Population losing people
Advantages
Disadvantages
Fewer people to be fed and housed
Loss of young and most able
Income sent home e.g. by Turkish "guestworkers" (gastarbeiter) in the German car industry
Loss of young men creates an unbalanced population structure
Reduces pressure on jobs and resources
Loss of working age people
Loss of those most likely to have education and skills
Division of families
Elderly population remains, so there's a higher death rate

17. For host population Advantages Disadvantages Cheap labour
Language problems
Helps overcome labour shortages
Racial / ethnic tensions
Immigrants are often prepared to do unskilled jobs
Jobs lost to incoming workers
Some immigrants are highly skilled
Loss of those most likely to have education and skills
Cultural diversity
Pressure on housing and services. Immigrants tend to be less healthy, placing strain on the health service, and they tend to live in low quality housing
Limited skills/education in immigrant population

18. European Migrant Crisis
1 million migrants and refugees to Europe in 2015, (280,000 in 2014).
More than 135,000 people arriving in the first two months of 2016.
 In 2015 more than 3,770 people drowned in Mediterranean

19. Ireland and Migrant Crisis
Ireland will take 4,000 people by the end of 2017.
Committed to 2,600 asylum seekers from Greece and Italy but due to political and logistical obstacles, as well as low take-up, only 20 applicants.
Government has also committed to taking in 520 refugees under a UNHCR , 176 Syrians/Iraqis have arrived
Asylum applications in Ireland are increasing - 1,480 the total number of people to seek asylum in Ireland in the first six months of (2014 – 1444, )
According to an analysis by TheJournal.ie of data from the UNHCR (the UN Refugee Agency), Ireland ranks poorly among European nations for our administrative treatment of asylum-seekers over the last few years, by several different measures.

20. Migrants in Ireland
The overall percentage of people living in Ireland with a nationality other than Irish is now 12%, compared to just over 10% in 2006.
In April 2011, there were just over 122,000 Poles recorded by the Census.
With around 112,000, the second largest group was people from the UK, unchanged in number since 2006.
However, the overall numbers have grown from around 420,000 in 2006 to just over 540,000 in 2011: an increase of 30%.

21. Asylum in Ireland

22. More leaving than arriving
April 2014
April 2015
Immigration
60,600
69,300
Emigration
81,900
80,900
Net migration
-21,400
-11,600
of which Irish nationals
-29,200
-23,200
Natural increase
37,900
37,400
Population change
16,500
25,800
Population
4,609,600
4,635,400
Since 1700 between 9 and 10 million people born in Ireland have emigrated.
The diaspora contains all those known to have Irish ancestors, i.e., over 100 million people 
Currently there are 1.2 million are Irish-born emigrants. 

23. Songs Would You Harbour Me – Sweet Honey in the Rock
Ouvrez Les Frontieres – Tiken Jah Fakoly
Pastures of Plenty – Lila Downs
Missing you Christy Moore