1. Catalysts
speed up the rate of the reaction.
lowers the energy input required for a chemical reaction to happen
remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

2. Enzymes are Biological catalysts
Enzymes control chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm.
Catalase in an example of an enzyme made by living cells

3. Catalase
The enzyme catalase breaks down the waste substance hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
catalase
Hydrogen peroxide oxygen +water
(enzyme)
(substrate)
(products)

4. Lock and Key

5. Degradation reactions
animation

6. Degradation reactions
Starch
Maltose

7. Synthesis Reaction es
Active site

8. Synthesis reaction
Glucose-1-phosphate
Starch

9. Properties of enzymes
Speed up reactions.
Made of protein.
Are specific.
Not used up during the reaction.
Require optimum conditions at which they work best.
At high temperature they become denatured

10. Enzymes only work best in particular environments
Enzymes only work best in particular environments..like a specific range of temperature..

11. - and pH

12. Even the amount of enzyme and substrate have an effect.

13. All chemical reactions require a certain amount of energy to get them going…here chemicals AB and CD must absorb energy from their environment before they can reach the ‘transition state’ to break bonds and form new chemicals.

14. The presence of enzymes specific for these chemicals lowers the amount of energy needed to run the reaction - the ‘activation energy’.

15. Degradation reaction Substrate Enzyme Product Memory Hydrogen peroxide
Catalase
Oxygen and water
HPCOW
Starch
Amylase
Maltose
Maltase
Glucose
Protein
Pepsin
Peptides
Protease
Amino acids
Fats
Lipase
Fatty Acids and Glycerol