1. FLOORS
Introduction:
The purpose of a floor is to provide a level surface capable of supporting the occupants of a building, equipment and sometimes internal partition.
To perform this function the following requirement must satisfy:
Adequate strength and stability b. Adequate fire resistance
c. Sound insulation d . Damp resistance
e. Thermal insulation
The floors resting directly on the ground surface are known as ground floors, while the other floors of each storey situated above the ground level are known as upper floors.
The major problems it’s encounter: 1. Damp exclusion 2. Thermal insulation

2. Components of a Floor: 1. Sub-floor, base course or floor base Object: It is structural component which supports the floor covering. a. to give proper support to the covering, so that it does not settle b. to provide the damp resistance and thermal insulation 2. Floor covering or simply, flooring: different floors

3. Solid ground floor:
Floors directly resting on ground is called solid floor
Suspended floors:
Floors supported above the ground level are called suspended floors, these are generally made of timber
Major materials for construction
Cement concrete
Lime concrete
Stones
Bricks
Wooden clocks (for wooden floor only)

4. The material used for Floor finish or floor covering are:
Mud or mooram 9. Granoloithic finish
Bricks wood or timber
Flag stones 11. Asphalt
Concrete Rubber
Terrazzo Linolium flooring
Mosaic Cork
Tiles Glass
Marble Plastic or PVC
Study individual

5. Selection of flooring Material
Initial cost: Depends on type of building
Appearance:
Cleanliness:
Durability:
Damp resistance:
Sound insulation:

6. 7. Thermal insulation:
8. Fire resistance:
9. Smoothness:
10. Hardness:
11. Maintenance:

7. Cement Concrete Flooring
Application: Commonly used for residential, commercial and industrial Merits: 1. moderately cheap 2. quite durable 3. easy to construct Components: It consists of 2 parts a. Base concrete b. topping or wearing surface Method of construction : 2 methods can be constructed i. Monolithically ii. Non monolithically
12/04/10

8. Monolithic: Construction takes place simultaneously, that is both the base course component and topping construction immediately after the other Merits: 1. Good bond between the two components 2. Thickness of the floor can reduced (economic) Demerits: 1. there is chance of topping is damages during subsequent operations 2. Hair cracks are developed because of settlement of freshly laid base course which is not set 3. Work progress is slow because of the workman has to wait atleast till the initial setting of the base course Keeping the problems, most cases, non-monolithic construction is preferred.

9. Method of construction of concrete floor
Non – monolithic:
Base course thickness – 7.5 to 10 cm thick – lean cement concrete (1:3:6),
Course aggregate size is 40mm
It shall be laid over well compacted soil, compacted properly and leveled to rough surface.
It is properly cured
Topping:
Base course shall be hardened
Cleaned with stiff broom
Before making the topping it shall properly wetted
Topping then laid in square or rectangular panels
Panel size may be 1m x 1m, 2m x 2m
It consists of concrete (1:2:4)
Cement slurry pasted at the bottom of panel and base course for good bond
After surface is properly cured 7 to 14days

10. Granolithic finish: used for industrial building
- it is hard wearing surface
Granolithic is rich concrete (1:1:2 to 1:1:3)
Aggregate shall be used granite, basalt and quartzite
Thickness shall be 35mm above the topping
Mosaic Flooring:
It made of small pieces of broken tiles of china
glazed or of cement or of marble
This will be arranged in different pattern
Prepared concrete base, place the marble
powder and cement slurry paste
After keep the pieces of marbles or glass or broken tiles
Then surface is gently rolled
Level the surface and use the polishing machine

11. Marble Flooring:
It is superior type of flooring
Used where extra cleanliness is essential requirement
Used in residential buildings, hospitals, sanitariums, temples etc.
It will come in different sizes, usually rectangular and square shapes
Prepared base course 20mm thick bedding mortar (1:4) placed
Marble slabs are laid over it
Thinner joints shall be maintained
Level the all marble slabs and then use the polishing machines for trim the oozing cement slurry joints