1. UNIT VI: Economic Geography

2. Core-Periphery Model Core: Periphery: Semi-periphery: -developing
-wealthy
-industrialized
-MDC’s
U.S., W. Europe, Japan
Periphery:
-poor
-unindustrialized
-LDC’s
-the most exploited
Semi-periphery:
-developing
-newly industrializing (NIC)
China, India, Mexico, Brazil, Russia

4. Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory:
global core & periphery countries

5. Types of Industrial Production
Fordist Production: assembly-line industrial production for mass consumption (post-WW I)
“Post-Fordist” Flexible Production: “post-Fordist” multi-national producers can move production sites through outsourcing (post-WW II)
-role of technology?

6. Textiles Production:
Liverpool and Manchester
Iron Production:
Birmingham
Coal Mining:
Newcastle

7. Why is Detroit located where it is?

8. U.S. Manufacturing Regions
“RUST BELT”

9. Labor costs?
outsourcing: to relocate from higher-cost locations to lower cost
Why make Nike shoes in Vietnam?
3 cents per shoe…

10. WHO “outsources”?
multinational (or transnational) corporations: research, factories, & sell products globally

11. McDonald’s sales in 2003 ($41 bill
McDonald’s sales in 2003 ($41 bill.) greater than the GDP of Afghanistan ($21 bill.)…is this good or bad?

13. deindustrialization:
manufacturing jobs shifting from MDC’s to developing countries
The former Gautier rolling mills of Bethlehem Steel Corp. in Johnstown, PA
Abandoned street in Liverpool, England

14. global division of labor:
labor pool drawn around the world (cheaper resources & labor in the periphery countries)
just-in-time delivery:
short-term production & quick shipping

15. Supranational Organizations:
3 or more states form an alliance for:
-military (NATO)
-economic trade (E.U., NAFTA, WTO)
-political (U.N.)

16. Regional Scale – The European Union

17. **How many points?

18. Location Theories
Locational Theories: predicting where business locates
1. Weber’s Model
2. Hotelling’s Model

19. Weber’s Least-Cost Theory:
transport costs (“optimum point of production”)
labor costs

21. Hotelling’s Model (“locational interdependence”):
location dependent on other businesses

24. agglomeration economies: clustering of firms
- Silicon Valley in California (“technopole”)
- Bangalore, India (Bollywood)
- maquiladoras on the Mexican border (over 3,000 factories)
- Export Processing Zones (EPZs); Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s)

25. Concepts of Development

26. A. Describing development
world of rich & poor
outdated names: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th World
today: Developed---Developing---Underdeveloped
or MDC---NIC---LDC
geographic description: “North/South line”

27. The Brandt Line: distribution of MDCs & LDCs

28. Newly Industrialized “Pacific Rim”
East Asia
South East Asia

29. Major Manufacturing Regions of East Asia

30. old neighborhoods are destroyed to make room for new…
Beijing, China

31. Four Asian Tigers South Korea Hong Kong Tiawan Singapore
    Hong Kong     South Korea     Singapore     Taiwan

32. “Measuring’ Development
Economic:
“formal economy”: legal economy (measured by GDP)
“informal economy”: the illegal or uncounted economy
Noneconomic:
Education
Public Services (access to clean water; sewage)
Health Services (doctors per person)

33. Rostow’s Economic Modernization Theory
*assumes countries go through stages of development
MDC’s
rapid industrialization
early industrializing; LDC
subsistence farming

34. Dubai
2000

35. Dubai
2010