1. Climate Change and Water Resource Sector

2. Vision
“Optimum and sustainable utilization of Water Resources”
Mission
To develop and implement policies, programmes and practices, which would enable the efficient and effective use of the country’s water resources in an equitable and sustainable manner with active involvement of stakeholders as also enable the management of floods and to disseminate information, skills and knowledge, which would help in capacity building and mass awareness.
The Vision is “Optimal sustainable development, maintenance of quality and efficient use of water resources to match with the growing demands on the natural resource of the country”.
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3. Objectives of Ministry
Water Resources
Implementation of National Water Policy, 2012
Creation of irrigation potential and Reducing Gap between the Irrigation Potential Created (IPC) & Irrigation Potential Utilized (IPU) through AIBP.
Sustainable Ground Water Management & its Regulation
Development of water resources data base and Flood Management / flood forecasting.
Promotion of increase in water use efficiency and awareness for water conservation.

4. Objectives of Ministry Cont…….
River Development
Nurturing excellence & Innovation through Research & Development and Capacity Building
Inter-Linking of Rivers
River Basin Management for efficient utilisation of water
Ganga Rejuvenation
Ensure effective abatement of pollution and rejuvenation of the river Ganga
Ensuring water quality and environmentally sustainable development of the river Ganga

5. Per Capita Water Availability
Cubic meter
At present, the per capita water availability works to be about 1650 cubic meter, which is slightly lower than the water stress level of 1700 cubic meter. With growing population, the per capita water availability is reducing year after year. With the projected population for 2050, the per capita water availability is likely to be about 1140 cubic meter against the water scarcity level of 1000 cubic meter.
Sir, this is the overall position for the country as a whole. As we are aware, there is very high spatial and temporal variation.
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6. Water Scenario in India
1123 BCM – Annual Average Availability of Water
1180
843
Billion Cubic Metres
Water Use Efficiency low %
against 50% - 60% in developed countries

7. Water Scenario in India – contd..
Reducing per capita water availability
Per capita water availability in m3 /year
Water stress 1700 m3/capita/year
Water scarcity 1000 m3/capita/year

8. National Water Policy - 2012
On 8th April, 2013 the National Water Policy 2012 (NWP) has been released.
Policy seeks to address issues such as the scarcity of water, inequities in its distribution and the lack of a unified perspective in planning, management and use of water resources.
The NWP proposes an overarching national legal framework of general principles on water that can used by states to draft their own legislation on water governance.
Adaptation to climate change.
Enhancing water available for use.
Demand management and water use efficiency.
Water pricing.
Aquifer mapping and management involving Stakeholders
Maximum Priority has been accorded to Drinking water

9. Water Resources

10. National Water Mission Goals
National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC), launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 30th June The Comprehensive Mission Document of “National Water Mission” was approved by the Union Cabinet on 6th April, 2011.
The main objective of the National Water Mission is “conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring its more equitable distribution both across and within States through integrated water resources development and management”.
The five identified goals for National Water Mission are
Comprehensive water data base in public domain and assessment of the impact of climate change on water resource
Promotion of citizen and state action for water conservation, augmentation and preservation
Focused attention to over-exploited areas
Increasing water use efficiency by 20%
Promotion of basin level integrated water resources management

11. Climate change and its impact

12. Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (World Bank assisted programme)
Project to establish dam safety discipline in 5 participating States and 2 dam owning agencies
Rehabilitation of 223 dams to be taken up; 68 cases cleared for rehabilitation.
Advanced materials and simulation techniques and guidelines being brought into the country to ensure dam safety.

13. Plan for comprehensive dam safety
Provide for proper surveillance, inspection, operation and maintenance of all large dams.
Central Government, State Governments and dam owners responsible to set up institutional mechanisms for ensuring safety of large dams and reporting the action taken.
Provisions concerning periodical inspections, instrumentations and establishment of hydrological and seismological stations.
Address the issues of initial filling, emergency action plan and disaster management.
Comprehensive dam safety evaluation.

14. Pancheshwar Multi-purpose Project
Agreement signed between India & Nepal during the recent visit of Indian Prime Minister to Nepal paving the way for constitution of Pancheshwar Development Authority.
Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project is expected to have installed capacity of 5600 MW and create irrigation potential of 0.37 MHa (0.24 in Indian side MHa & 0.13 MHa in Nepal) at a cost of Rs. 29,704 crore (2011 prices); mitigate floods in Indian side in the States of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.

15. National Hydrology Project
Key Features
Adopting River basin Approach – 20 basins
Development and creation of a Central Data- base of all hydro-meteorological data of the country (State and Central) through support to NWIC and India-WRIS
Development of Tools like Decision Support Systems for river basin planning, flood forecasting and inundation, Artificial recharge structures etc. 15

16. National Hydrology Project & Climate Change
Climate Risk Assessments under NHP
S.No.
Climate Change Issue
Role of NHP 1
Data for developing Climate Change models
Central data base – historical as well as real-time temporal and spatial data 2
Development of Models and Decision Support Systems (DSS)
River basin wise planning, flood forecasting & inundation, snowmelt-inflow forecasting, 3
Development of scenarios for adaptation/mitigation of impacts of climate change
DSS can help in planning through generation of scenarios for -
multi-sector water allocation prioritization, irrigation planning (cropping pattern change), reservoir operations, planning for new storage (Surface and ground water) 16

17. Declining ground water level

18. Comparison of Rainfall Recharge (BCM) for the year 1995, 2004,2009,2011

19. Comparison of Ground Water Draft (BCM) for the year 1995, 2004,2009,2011

20. Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Ground water
Rainfall Variability vis-a-vis natural Ground Water Recharge
Ground Water Quality Changes
Sea Water Ingress in Coastal Aquifers
Changed ground water regime and new dynamic balance between surface and ground water
Changed Steam Aquifer relationships

21. Mitigation and Adaptive Measures
Under Climate Change Scenario
Rainwater harvesting and Artificial Recharge
Coastal Aquifer Management
Water Quality Mitigation Measures
Conjunctive Management
Ground Water Use Efficiency
Adopting the Concept of Virtual Water
R & D Need

22. River Development

23. NEED FOR INTERBASIN WATER TRANSFER
Precipitation in our country is erratic & uneven in space & time
Due to climate change and global warming phenomena there may be further change in dispersal of rainfall
To remove natural anomaly by transferring water from surplus basins to deficit basins to avoid utilisable waters going waste to sea
In view of the likely adverse impacts due to Climate change, the main water related concern of India is the effect that would be both in terms of averages, as also in terms of intra annual distribution on the flows available

24. CLIMATE CHANGE-IMPACT ON
INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated and climate change in the near future may have significant effects on crop production and food availability.
Due to abrupt climate changes and global warming phenomena there may be change in spatial and temporal distribution of water availability.
Interlinking of Rivers is similar to any other Water Resource Project.
Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) programme like any other storage project envisages construction of dams to create storage and subsequent transfer of water from one basin to other basin or sometimes within basin itself.

25. CLIMATE CHANGE-IMPACT ON
INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT
Inter basin transfer of water from water rich areas to water short areas is a viable proposition to even out national imbalances in water availability
Creation of reservoir, sometimes leads to submergence of forest area due to which some people apprehend that process of occurrence of rainfall in the area would be disturbed.
For such situation, MoEF&CC has already made mandatory provision for compensatory afforestation without which Water Resources projects including ILR are not cleared
Under storages proposed for Ken-Betwa Phase I & II, Damanganga-Pinjal and Par-Tapi-Narmada link under Interlinking of River programme suitable provisions for compensatory afforestation has been kept

26. CLIMATE CHANGE-IMPACT ON
INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT
Country has more than 5,000 large reservoirs (as per compendium of CWC) in the country and no adverse impact like the Climate Change has been noticed so far
Country has already been divided into 15 Agro-climatic zones and each zone is having over hundreds of reservoirs. Impact of any one particular project on climate change would not be significant
Earlier in the Rajasthan State there was very less rainfall and after construction Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna, now in recent years Rajasthan experiences heavy rainfall
It is emphasized that storages under Reservoir created/likely to be created consequent upon Interlinking of rivers programme will help in even out adverse impact of climate change

27. Ganga Rejuvenation

28. Focus on Reduce->Recycle-> Reuse Reduced pollution load
Namami Gange and Climate Change- Water pollution
Focus on Reduce->Recycle-> Reuse
Reduced pollution load
Less dependence on treatment before consumption
Reduced energy consumption
Reduced usage of fossil fuels
Reduced free CO2
Reduced climate change

29. Climate change & Afforestation
Afforestation activities are being carried out in the Ganga basin. These is likely to have following impacts on climate change-
Reduce free- CO2 by acting as “Carbon Sinks”
Greater groundwater recharge
Increase base flow of the river
Reduce surface runoff, hence reduced erosion and silt deposition in the river
Stabilization of the natural water cycle
Reduced climate extremes like alternating floods and droughts

30. Climate change & Namami Gange- Biodiversity
Several programs aimed at biodiversity census, conservation and restoration in Ganga basin have been taken up under Namami Gange
These interventions are likely to result in balanced ecosystem
Biodiversity – as indicator of better living conditions and river health

31. Painting competition – climate change

32. WAY FORWARD Nirmal and Aviral Ganga
Providing irrigation water to each field through creation of enhanced irrigation projects
Conservation of water bodies and ground water
Bridging the gap between irrigation potential created and utilized
Incentivizing the States to undertake water sector reforms.
National Aquifer Management Programme through community participation

33. WAY FORWARD cont…..
Use of latest technology for modernization of water resources and flood management
Active participation of water users associations (WUAs).
Water Sector Schemes to be rationalized for easier implementation; effective use of water, inclusiveness and sustainability.
Comprehensive planning for Dam Safety.

34. Thank you